Dwarf Dogwoods: Intermediacy and the Morphological Landscape

Murrell, Zack E.

doi:10.2307/2419776

Cited by 17 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Cornus canadensis occurs from northeastern North America westward to northeastern Asia, extending southward to the Rocky Mountains, Appalachian Mountains, and mountains of Japan. Cornus suecica has more northerly and coastal distribution in North America and Eurasia (Murrell 1994). The tetraploid, C. unalaschkensis, is restricted to the Pacific region of North America where the ranges of the two diploid species overlap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary patterns in the antR-Cor gene in the dwarf dogwood complex (Cornus, Cornaceae)

et al. 2006

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The evolutionary pattern of the myc-like anthocyanin regulatory gene antR-Cor was examined in the dwarf dogwood species complex (Cornus Subgenus Arctocrania) that contains two diploid species (C. canadensis and C. suecica), their putative hybrids with intermediate phenotypes, and a tetraploid derivative (C. unalaschkensis). Full-length sequences of this gene ( approximately 4 kb) were sequenced and characterized for 47 dwarf dogwood samples representing all taxa categories from 43 sites in the Pacific Northwest. Analysis of nucleotide diversity indicated departures from neutral evolution, due most likely to local population structure. Neighbor-joining and haplotype network analyses show that sequences from the tetraploid and diploid intermediates are much more strongly diverged from C. suecica than from C. canadensis, and that the intermediate phenotypes may represent an ancestral group to C. canadensis rather than interspecific hybrids. Seven amino acid mutations that are potentially linked to myc-like anthocyanin regulatory gene function correlate with petal colors differences that characterize the divergence between two diploid species and the tetraploid species in this complex. The evidence provides a working hypothesis for testing the role of the gene in speciation and its link to the petal coloration. Sequencing and analysis of additional nuclear genes will be necessary to resolve questions about the evolution of the dwarf dogwood complex.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary patterns in the antR-Cor gene in the dwarf dogwood complex (Cornus, Cornaceae)

et al. 2006

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“…Nevertheless, differentiation of the three species was possible. Murrell [15] found intermediate forms between two morphological extremes among dwarf dogwood species. Between 91 and 98% (66.8% for a group of hybrids) of the specimens were, however, classified correctly into five groups which correspond to three species and two groups of hybrids thereof using canonical discriminant analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A rather rough approximation of biomass was used in this study to characterize the plant individuals whereas extensive measurements and/or counts of various traits of single leaves and/or inflorescences are usually employed for morphometric analyses [2,4,15,16]. Nybom et al [16] detected high variability of the leaf morphology in Rosa dumalis but not in R. rubiginosa or R. villosa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herbarium specimens [1][2][3]15], freshly collected specimens [17] or plants grown from seeds in randomized designs in the field [7,10,16] are used to study intraand interspecific variation of morphology. Examination of plants grown from seed sources in the same field has some advantages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is likely considerable genetic and, consequently, phenotypic variation within and especially among populations. Morphometric diversity was studied for many plant species [3,10,[15][16][17]. Middleton [12] screened species of Gaultheria and Leucothoe for a number of flavonoids and simple phenols and discussed the current intrageneric classification of Gaultheria and commented on the interspecific variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early growth performance of salal (Gaultheria shallon) from various North American west-coast locations

Dorworth¹,

Siebe²,

Woods³

2001

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Salal is a native perennial evergreen shrub occurring from the panhandle of Alaska along the entire coast of British Columbia to southern California. In the North American west coast industrial forest it is considered a weed because it is a persistent, serious competitor with coniferous species. Intraspecific genotypic and phenotypic diversity of salal is not well known despite of its ecological and economic significance. A morphometric analyses within and among populations was performed in a statistically appropriate manner. Two-year-old container grown seedlings of 24 collections of salal from throughout the natural area of distribution in western North America were planted in a randomized complete blocks design (6 blocks) on a cleared 0.7 ha plot on Vancouver Island. Each of the 24 seedlots was planted once in each block with 24 plants per seedlot in April 1990. Shoot height and the number of buds prior to planting, the plant spatial volume (product of plant height and plant width on two perpendicular axes) in 1992 and 1993, the relative growth increment (1992)(1993) and the number of dead plants in 1992 and 1993 were subjected to analysis of variance. No differences among seedlots were detected for the relative growth increment and the number of dead plants in 1992 and 1993. Conversely, shoot height and the number of buds prior to planting as well as the plant volume in 1992 and 1993 showed statistically significant seedlot effects. Cluster analysis of these effects revealed greatest differences in plant response among the eastern-and southernmost collection and the remainder of the collections; i.e. three geographical races of salal may exist. Gaultheria shallon / geographical origin / experimental designRésumé -Potentiel de croissance initiale du Salal (Gaultheria shallon) de diverses régions de la côte ouest de l'Amérique du Nord. Le Salal est un arbuste autochtone pérenne à feuilles persistantes réparti depuis la péninsule de l'Alaska tout au long de la côte de la Colombie Britannique jusqu'au sud de la Californie. Dans les forêts industrielles de la côte ouest de l'Amérique du Nord, il est considéré comme une mauvaise herbe parce qu'il est persistant et un compétiteur sérieux des espèces de conifères. La diversité intra spéci-fique génotypique et phénotypique du Salal n'est pas bien connue malgré son importance écologique et économique. Une analyse morphométrique parmi ses populations a été réalisée selon les règles statistiques. Des semis de 2 ans, ayant poussé en conteneurs, provenant de 24 collections de Salal originaires des diverses régions naturelles de l'ouest de l'Amérique du Nord ont été plantés selon un dispositif complet à blocs randomisés (6 blocs) dans une parcelle nettoyée de 0,7 ha sur l'Ile de Vancouver. Les 24 lots de semis ont été plantés dans chacun des blocs en 1990. La hauteur de la pousse et le nombre de bourgeons avant plantation, le volume spatial (produits de la hauteur du plant par sa largeur sur 2 axes perpendiculaires) en 1992 et 1993, l'accroissement relatif (1992-...

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An updated phylogeny, biogeography, and PhyloCode‐based classification of Cornaceae based on three sets of genomic data

Xiang

Cheng

et al. 2023

American J of Botany

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Premise A major goal of systematic biology is to uncover the evolutionary history of organisms and translate that knowledge into stable classification systems. Here, we integrate three sets of genome‐wide data to resolve phylogenetic relationships in Cornaceae (containing only Cornus s.l.), reconstruct the biogeographic history of the clade, and provide a revised classification using the PhyloCode to stabilize names for this taxonomically controversial group. Methods We conducted phylogenetic analyses using 312 single‐copy nuclear genes and 70 plastid genes from Angiosperms353 Hyb‐Seq, plus numerous loci from RAD‐Seq. We integrated fossils using morphological data and produced a dated phylogeny for biogeographical analysis. Results A well‐resolved, strongly supported, comprehensive phylogeny was obtained. Biogeographic analyses support an origin and rapid diversification of Cornus into four morphologically distinct major clades in the Northern Hemisphere (with an eastern Asian ancestor) during the late Cretaceous. Dispersal into Africa from eastern Asia likely occurred along the Tethys Seaway during the Paleogene, whereas dispersal into South America likely occurred during the Neogene. Diversification within the northern hemisphere likely involved repeated independent colonization of new areas during the Paleogene and Neogene along the Bering Land Bridge, the North Atlantic Land Bridge, and the Tethys Seaway. Thirteen strongly supported clades were named following rules of the PhyloCode. Conclusions Our study provides an example of integrating genomic and morphological data to produce a robust, explicit species phylogeny that includes fossil taxa, which we translate into an updated classification scheme using the PhyloCode to stabilize names.

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Dwarf Dogwoods: Intermediacy and the Morphological Landscape

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Evolutionary patterns in the antR-Cor gene in the dwarf dogwood complex (Cornus, Cornaceae)

Evolutionary patterns in the antR-Cor gene in the dwarf dogwood complex (Cornus, Cornaceae)

Early growth performance of salal (Gaultheria shallon) from various North American west-coast locations

An updated phylogeny, biogeography, and PhyloCode‐based classification of Cornaceae based on three sets of genomic data

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