Duty periods with early start times restrict the amount of sleep obtained by short-haul airline pilots

Roach, Gregory D.; Sargent, Charli; Darwent, David; Dawson, Drew

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.020

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The reduction of sleep duration as a consequence of early start times is a relatively novel finding in elite athletes, but similar results have been found with other populations (Ingre et al, 2008;Kecklund & Å kerstedt, 1995;Roach et al, 2012). In particular, the amount of sleep obtained prior to work periods that start in the morning has been examined in hundreds of shiftworkers in the rail and aviation industries.…”

Section: Impact Of Training Schedules On Athletes' Sleepmentioning

confidence: 51%

The impact of training schedules on the sleep and fatigue of elite athletes

Sargent

Lastella

Halson³

et al. 2014

Chronobiology International

Self Cite

226

176

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In any sport, successful performance requires a planned approach to training and recovery. While sleep is recognized as an essential component of this approach, the amount and quality of sleep routinely obtained by elite athletes has not been systematically evaluated. Data were collected from 70 nationally ranked athletes from seven different sports. Athletes wore wrist activity monitors and completed self-report sleep/training diaries for 2 weeks during normal training. The athletes also recorded their fatigue level prior to each training session using a 7-point scale. On average, the athletes spent 08:18 ± 01:12 h in bed, fell asleep at 23:06 ± 01:12 h, woke at 6:48 ± 01:30 h and obtained 06:30 ± 01:24 h of sleep per night. There was a marked difference in the athletes' sleep/wake behaviour on training days and rest days. Linear mixed model analyses revealed that on nights prior to training days, time spent in bed was significantly shorter (p = 0.001), sleep onset and offset times were significantly earlier (p < 0.001) and the amount of sleep obtained was significantly less (p = 0.001), than on nights prior to rest days. Moreover, there was a significant effect of sleep duration on pre-training fatigue levels (p ≤ 0.01). Specifically, shorter sleep durations were associated with higher levels of pre-training fatigue. Taken together, these findings suggest that the amount of sleep an elite athlete obtains is dictated by their training schedule. In particular, early morning starts reduce sleep duration and increase pre-training fatigue levels. When designing schedules, coaches should be aware of the implications of the timing of training sessions for sleep and fatigue. In cases where early morning starts are unavoidable, countermeasures for minimizing sleep loss - such as strategic napping during the day and correct sleep hygiene practices at night - should be considered.

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Section: Impact Of Training Schedules On Athletes' Sleepmentioning

confidence: 51%

The impact of training schedules on the sleep and fatigue of elite athletes

Sargent

Lastella

Halson³

et al. 2014

Chronobiology International

Self Cite

226

176

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To address these concerns, sleep disorders screening in addition to circadian approaches and scheduled napping have shown effectiveness in improving safety. 189–197 Among law enforcement and first responders, several studies have shown that sleep disturbances are common among police officers 198–203 and firefighters. 204,205 In particular, issues such as sleep apnea, insomnia, and shift work are the most common problems.…”

Section: Employment Neighborhood and Socioeconomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep, Health, and Society

Grandner

2017

Sleep Medicine Clinics

472

267

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“…The displacement of sleep–wake cycles is a prominent example of circadian misalignment caused by shift work, as shift workers' schedules can shift sleep opportunities to times that are inconsistent with their biological preferences, especially in the case of night work (Gander, van den Berg, & Signal, ; Philip & Åkerstedt, ). Consequently, shift workers often experience sleep loss, disruption and displacement (Akerstedt, ; Ferguson, Baker, Lamond, Kennaway, & Dawson, ; Gander et al., ; Roach, Reid, & Dawson, ; Roach, Sargent, Darwent, & Dawson, ). Indeed, while up to 10% of workers in Western nations report sleeping <6 hrs per night (Bin, Marshall, & Glozier, ), the prevalence of short sleep is greater amongst shift working populations (Sallinen & Kecklund, ).…”

Section: Circadian Misalignment and Sleep Disruption In Shift Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While night workers are the most severely impacted in terms of sleep loss, they are not the only shift workers to obtain insufficient sleep. Many studies have found that shift workers commencing early morning and day shifts obtain significantly less sleep than shift workers commencing day shifts at 9:00–10:00 hours because the circadian system makes it difficult to initiate and maintain sufficiently earlier bedtimes (Ingre, Kecklund, Åkerstedt, Söderström, & Kecklund, ; Roach et al., ). Aside from shift times, other factors related to shift work schedules may also contribute to sleep disturbances, such as long working hours, reduced rest periods, reduced napping opportunities, backward‐rotating schedules and on‐call duties, although more field studies are needed to clarify their impacts (Akerstedt, ; Ferguson, Paterson, Hall, Jay, & Aisbett, ; Sallinen & Kecklund, ; Tucker, Smith, Macdonald, & Folkard, ).…”

Section: Circadian Misalignment and Sleep Disruption In Shift Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of shift work: The role of circadian disruption and sleep disturbances

Kervezee

Kosmadopoulos

Boivin

2018

Eur J of Neuroscience

151

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Shift work, defined as work occurring outside typical daytime working hours, is associated with an increased risk of various non‐communicable diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Disruption of the internal circadian timing system and concomitant sleep disturbances is thought to play a critical role in the development of these health problems. Indeed, controlled laboratory studies have shown that short‐term circadian misalignment and sleep restriction independently impair physiological processes, including insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, immune function, blood pressure and cardiac modulation by the autonomous nervous system. If allowed to persist, these acute effects may lead to the development of cardiometabolic diseases in the long term. Here, we discuss the evidence for the contributions of circadian disruption and associated sleep disturbances to the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular health problems in shift workers. Improving the understanding of the physiological mechanisms affected by circadian misalignment and sleep disturbance will contribute to the development and implementation of strategies that prevent or mitigate the cardiometabolic impact of shift work.

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Duty periods with early start times restrict the amount of sleep obtained by short-haul airline pilots

Cited by 49 publications

References 18 publications

The impact of training schedules on the sleep and fatigue of elite athletes

The impact of training schedules on the sleep and fatigue of elite athletes

Sleep, Health, and Society

Metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of shift work: The role of circadian disruption and sleep disturbances

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