Dust storm frequency change in relation to climate drivers

Abstract

Climate variability and change in arid regions are important factors in controlling emission, frequency and movement of dust storms. This study provides robust statistical methods including univariate Mann-Kendall block bootstrapping method and three bivariate trend assessment methods, Covariance Inversion Test, Covariance Sum Test and The Covariance Eigenvalue to detect trends in dust storm frequency across arid regions of Iran in relation to climate variability and trend in recent decades. In this regard, the annual number of dust storms from 25 stations in central arid and semi-arid regions of Iran were selected. In addition, five major climatic variables including annual rainfall, annual maximum and average wind speed, annual maximum and average temperature were also collected. The univariate trend test indicates both increasing and decreasing trend in dust storm frequency and climate variables. The bivariate trend test shows a strong and statistically significant relationship between trend of climate variables and dust storm frequency for most of the stations across the region. Among climate variables, rainfall change has an inverse impact on dust storm frequency while wind speed and temperature have direct covariance structure with dust storm frequency. The wind speed also seems to be the most effective climate driver on dust storm frequency in arid regions of Iran, followed by temperature. The results also shows that local conditions that are not considered in this study may also play a significant role in dust storm emission in some parts of the region.

A Comparison of the Different Stages of Dust Events over Beijing in March 2021: The Effects of the Vertical Structure on Near-Surface Particle Concentration

“…2021, 13, 3580 2 of 16 budget of the Earth directly, thus affecting climate change [1][2][3][4]. In turn, the lifetime and transportation of dust particles are largely controlled by climate circulation [5][6][7].…”

Predicting of dust storm source by combining remote sensing, statistic-based predictive models and game theory in the Sistan watershed, southwestern Asia

“…More than 2×10 9 people live in areas, which are exposed to the phenomenon of dust storms, with serious deleterious impacts on socio-economic and health (Middleton, 2017). During the last decades, due to climate change, global warming and expanded desertification, dust aerosols have increased in arid and semi-arid regions of the Middle East (Notaro et al, 2015;Klingmüller et al, 2016;Middleton, 2019;Shaheen et al, 2020;Boloorani et al, 2021;Modarres, 2021;Rashki et al, 2021)). The Middle East is the most important dust source after North Africa, while the maximum dust emission occurs in summer.…”