Dust overloading of the lungs: Update and appraisal

Morrow, Paul E.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(92)90002-a

Cited by 179 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Under these conditions, macrophage-mediated partide dearance from alveoli is slowed, although mucociliary dearance in airways is not (29). The general phenomenon of overwhelming macrophagemediated dearance by high rates of particle deposition is not specific to DE soot, and has been termed dust overload (30). This term is sometimes wrongly used to include the other functional and morphological (including cancer) abnormalities that are characteristic for rats with continued macrophage overloading caused by chronic exposure.…”

Section: Toxicological Evidence Of Diesel Exhustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological and epidemiological evidence for health risks from inhaled engine emissions.

Mauderly

1994

Environ Health Perspect

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Information from toxicological and epidemiological studies of the cancer and noncancer health risks from inhaled diesel engine exhaust (DE) and gasoline engine exhaust (GE) was reviewed. The toxicological database is more extensive for DE than for GE. Animal studies have shown that heavy, chronic exposures to both DE and GE can cause lung pathology and associated physiological effects. Inhaled GE has not been shown to be carcinogenic in animals. Chronically inhaled DE at high concentrations is a pulmonary carcinogen in rats, but the response is questionable in mice and negative in Syrian hamsters. The response in rats is probably not attributable to the DE soot-associated organic compounds, as previously assumed, and the usefulness of the rat data for predicting risk in humans is uncertain. Experimental human exposures to DE show that lung inflammatory and other cellular effects can occur after single exposures, and sparse data suggest that occupational exposures might affect respiratory function and symptoms. Epidemiology suggests that heavy occupational exposures to exhaust probably increase the risks for mortality from both lung cancer and noncancer pulmonary disease. The small magnitudes of the increases in these risks make the studies very sensitive to confounding factors and uncertainties of exposure; thus, it may not be possible to resolve exposure-response relationships conclusively by epidemiology. Our present knowledge suggests that heavy occupational exposures to DE and GE are hazardous but does not allow quantitative estimates of risk with a high degree of certainty. -Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 4): 165-171 (1994).

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Section: Toxicological Evidence Of Diesel Exhustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological and epidemiological evidence for health risks from inhaled engine emissions.

Mauderly

1994

Environ Health Perspect

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“…The water soluble fraction of DEP can also be dissolved into raindrops. And then, the released potentially harmful material may enter through the skin into our body (Morrow, 1992). It can therefore be said that people live or stay in the neighborhood road must pay particular attention to these points.…”

Section: Theoretical Estimation Of Dep's Rain Scavengingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because the wash-out of a large amount of automobile derived pollutants by rain falling in the neighborhood road is expected. If ambient particles are soluble, most of them may enter human body by dissolution, and then release potentially harmful material to the body (Morrow, 1992). Moreover, if the water-soluble components pass through the skin into the bloodstream, this can lead to more harmful health risk (Garrod et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Study on Dispersion and Scavenging of Traffic Pollutants at the Location Near a Busy Road

Ma¹

2015

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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The information about the dispersion and scavenging of traffic-related pollutants at the locations near busy expressways is very helpful to highway planners for developing better plans to reduce exposures to air pollution for people living as well as children attending schools and child care centers near roadways. The objective of the current study was to give information in the dispersion and scavenging of vehiclederived pollutants at the region near a busy urban expressway by a combination of two different model calculations. The modified Gaussian dispersion model and the Lagrange type below-cloud scavenging model were applied to evaluate NO x dispersion and DEP (Diesel exhaust particles) wet removal, respectively. The highest NO x was marked 53.17 ppb within 20-30 meters from the target urban expressway during the heaviest traffic hours (08:00AM-09:00AM) and it was 2.8 times higher than that of really measured at a nearby ambient measuring station. The calculated DEP concentration in size-resolved raindrops showed a continuous decreasing with increasing raindrop size. Especially, a noticeable decrease was found between 0.2 mm and 1.0 mm raindrop diameter.

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“…If particulate matters are soluble, most of them may deposit anywhere of our respiratory system and are able to dissolve and release the potentially harmful material to the body (Garrod et al, 1998;Morrow, 1992). Therefore, in order to fully understand the health risk of particulate matters, their water-soluble components have to be comprehensively investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Study on the Elemental Quantification of in Ambient Liquid Samples of Microliter Volume Using the In-air Micro-PIXE Technique

Ma¹,

Lim²,

Sakai³

2017

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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Quantifying the trace elements in infinitesimal ambient liquid samples (e.g., single raindrop, cloud/ fog water, and the soluble fraction extracted from the particles collected for a short time) is an important task for understanding formation processes, heating/cooling rates, and their health hazards. The purpose of this study is to employ an in-air micro PIXE system for quantitative analysis of the trace elements in a thimbleful of reference liquid sample. The bag type liquid sample holder originally designed with 10 μm thick Mylar ® film retained the original shape without any film perforation and apparent peaks of film blank by the end of the analysis. As one of tasks to be solved, the homogeneity of the elemental distribution in liquid reference species was verified by the X-ray line profiles for several references. It was possible to resolve the significant peaks for whole target elements corresponding to the channel number of micro-PIXE spectrum. The calibration curves for the six target elements (Si, S, Cl, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in standard solutions were successfully plotted by concentration (ppm) and ROI of interest net counts/dose (nC).

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Dust overloading of the lungs: Update and appraisal

Cited by 179 publications

References 67 publications

Toxicological and epidemiological evidence for health risks from inhaled engine emissions.

Toxicological and epidemiological evidence for health risks from inhaled engine emissions.

Modeling Study on Dispersion and Scavenging of Traffic Pollutants at the Location Near a Busy Road

Preliminary Study on the Elemental Quantification of in Ambient Liquid Samples of Microliter Volume Using the In-air Micro-PIXE Technique

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