Dust Monitors in JET with ITER-like Wall for Diagnosis of Mobilized Particles and Co-Deposited Layers

Abstract

Silicon plates were installed above the inner and outer divertor of the JET with the ITER-like wall (ILW) after the second and third ILW campaigns to monitor dust generation and deposition with the aim to determine the morphology and content of individual particles and co-deposits, including deuterium content. Particular interest was in metal-based particles: Be, W, steel, Cu. Ex-situ examination after two ILW campaigns was performed by a set of microscopy and ion beam methods including micro-beam nuclear reaction analysis and particle-induced X-ray emission. Different categories of Be-rich particles were found: co-deposits peeled-off from plasma-facing components (PFC), complex multi-element spherical objects, and solid metal splashes and regular spherical droplets. The fuel content on the two latter categories was at the level of 1 × 1016 at/cm−2 indicating that Be melting and splashing occurred in the very last phase of the second experimental campaign. The splashes adhere firmly to the substrate thus not posing risk of Be dust mobilisation. No tungsten droplets were detected. The only W-containing particles were fragments of tungsten coatings from the divertor tiles.

Accelerator techniques and nuclear data needs for ion beam analysis of wall materials in controlled fusion devices

“…It is the only method to determine quantitatively the areal distribution and depth profiles of deuterium down to tens of micrometres in light substrates [73]. Micro-NRA facilities deuterium mapping in regions with a highly not uniform content of that isotope [102] and, even in single grains of dust [74,[103][104][105]. NRA complements results of the gas balance assessment in fusion devices [50,79,106,107] and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) data [108] to obtain an overview of the global fuel retention.…”