Dust formation in early galaxies

Morgan, Haley; Edmunds, M. G.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06681.x

Cited by 275 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…However, observations of high-redshift sub-mm galaxies, high-redshift quasars and GRB afterglows show that dust is present in the early Universe (Maiolino et al 2004;Perley et al 2009;Michałowski et al 2010). This dust may have been produced in supernova explosions (Todini & Ferrara 2001;Morgan & Edmunds 2003;Nozawa et al 2003;Hirashita et al 2005;Dwek et al 2007), but recent work shows that the contribution by AGB stars can't be neglected even at high redshift, as the AGB stars begin to dominate dust production over SNe as early as 150−500 Myr after the onset of star formation (Valiante et al 2009). …”

Section: Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

The escape of ionising radiation from high-redshift dwarf galaxies

Paardekooper

Pelupessy

Altay³

et al. 2011

A&A

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Context. The UV escape fraction from high-redshift galaxies plays a key role in models of cosmic reionisation. Because it is currently not possible to deduce the escape fractions during the epoch of reionisation from observations, we have to rely on numerical simulations. Aims. We aim to better constrain the escape fraction from high-redshift dwarf galaxies, as these are the most likely sources responsible for reionising the Universe. Methods. We employ a N-body/SPH method that includes realistic prescriptions for the physical processes that are important for the evolution of dwarf galaxies. These models are post-processed with radiative transfer to determine the escape fraction of ionising radiation. We perform a parameter study to assess the influence of the spin parameter, gas fraction and formation redshift of the galaxy and study the importance of numerical parameters as resolution, source distribution and local gas clearing. Results. We find that the UV escape fraction from high-redshift dwarf galaxies that have formed a rotationally supported disc lie between 10 −5 and 0.1. The mass and angular momentum of the galaxy are the most important parameters that determine the escape fraction. We compare our results to previous work and discuss the uncertainties of our models. Conclusions. The low escape fraction we find for high-redshift dwarf galaxies is balanced by their high stellar content, resulting in an efficiency parameter for stars that is only marginally lower than the values found by semi-analytic models of reionisation. We therefore conclude that dwarf galaxies play an important role in cosmic reionisation also after the initial starburst phase, when the gas has settled into a disc.

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Section: Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

The escape of ionising radiation from high-redshift dwarf galaxies

Paardekooper

Pelupessy

Altay³

et al. 2011

A&A

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“…Evidence that metal-deficient AGB stars also undergo strong mass loss and are able to efficiently produce dust is supported observationally (e.g., Zijlstra et al 2006;Groenewegen et al 2007;Lagadec et al 2007;Matsuura et al 2007;Sloan et al 2009) and theoretically (e.g., Wachter et al 2008;Mattsson et al 2008). However, the theoretical models (Dwek et al 2007;Morgan & Edmunds 2003;Valiante et al 2009) greatly differ with respect to the assumptions made for the mass of the galaxy A&A 528, A13 (2011) and dust contribution from stellar sources, as well as the treatment of the star formation. Thus the origin of dust and its evolution remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genesis and evolution of dust in galaxies in the early Universe

Gall

Andersen

Hjorth

2011

A&A

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Aims. The aim is to elucidate the astrophysical conditions required for generating large amounts of dust in massive starburst galaxies at high redshift. Methods. We have developed a numerical galactic chemical evolution model. The model is constructed such that the effect of a wide range of parameters can be investigated. It takes into account results from stellar evolution models, a differentiation between diverse types of core collapse supernovae (CCSN), and the contribution of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the mass range 3-8 M . We consider the lifetime-dependent yield injection into the interstellar medium (ISM) by all sources, and dust destruction due to supernova (SN) shocks in the ISM. We ascertain the temporal progression of the dust mass and the dust-to-gas and dust-to-metal mass ratios, as well as other physical properties of a galaxy, and study their dependence on the mass of the galaxy, the initial mass function (IMF), dust production efficiencies, and dust destruction in the ISM. Results. The amount of dust and the physical properties of a galaxy strongly depend on the initial gas mass available. Overall, while the total amount of dust produced increases with galaxy mass, the detailed outcome depends on the SN dust production efficiency, the IMF, and the strength of dust destruction in the ISM. Dust masses are higher for IMFs biased towards higher stellar masses, even though these IMFs are more strongly affected by dust destruction in the ISM. The sensitivity to the IMF increases as the mass of the galaxy decreases. SNe are primarily responsible for a significant enrichment with dust at early epochs (<200 Myr). Dust production with a dominant contribution by AGB stars is found to be insufficient to account for dust masses in excess of 10 8 M within 400 Myr after starburst. Conclusions. We find that galaxies with initial gas masses between 1-5 × 10 11 M are massive enough to enable production of dust masses >10 8 M . Our preferred scenario is dominated by SN dust production in combination with top-heavy IMFs and moderate dust destruction in the ISM.

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“…Second, we studied the dust feedback process along the galactic time evolution, as done by Morgan & Edmunds (2003), but including the effects of dust destruction by SN blasts. For simplicity we used a constant destruction rate, consistent with the current galactic physical parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an approximation, we introduce a single dust-to-gas fraction for each stellar mass, depending on the chemical composition. The yields for the dust-to-metal fraction ( f d ) for the massive stars were the same used by Dwek et al (2007) (Table 2), and for low and intermediate mass stars, we used the data from Morgan & Edmunds (2003) (Table 1).…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of stellar mass and mass functions in the ISM dust feedback

Falceta‐Gonçalves¹

2007

A&A

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Context. The dust component of the interstellar medium (ISM) has been extensively studied in past decades. Late-type stars have been assumed as the main source of dust to the ISM, but recent observations show that supernova remnants may play a role in the ISM dust feedback. Aims. In this work, we study the importance of low and high mass stars, along with their evolutionary phase, in the ISM dust feedback process. We also determine the changes in the obtained results considering different mass distribution functions and star formation history. Methods. We describe a semi-empirical calculation of the relative importance of each star at each evolutionary phase in the dust ejection to the ISM. We compared the obtained results for two stellar mass distribution functions, the classic Salpeter initial mass function, and the current mass function. We used the evolutionary track models for each stellar mass and the empirical mass-loss rates and dust-to-gas ratio. Results. We show that the relative contribution of each stellar mass depends on the used distribution. Ejecta from massive stars represent the most important objects for the ISM dust replenishment using the Salpeter IMF. On the other hand, for the present mass function, low and intermediate mass stars are dominant. Conclusions. We confirm that late-type giant and supergiant stars dominate the ISM dust feedback in our Galaxy, but this may not the case for galaxies experiencing high star formation rates or at high redshifts. In those cases, SNe are dominant in the dust feedback process.

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Dust formation in early galaxies

Cited by 275 publications

References 58 publications

The escape of ionising radiation from high-redshift dwarf galaxies

The escape of ionising radiation from high-redshift dwarf galaxies

Genesis and evolution of dust in galaxies in the early Universe

The role of stellar mass and mass functions in the ISM dust feedback

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