Dust episodes in Beirut and their effect on the chemical composition of coarse and fine particulate matter

Jaafar, Malek; Baalbaki, Rima; Mrad, Raya; Daher, Nancy; Shihadeh, Alan; Sioutas, Constantinos; Saliba, Najat A.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.018

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The average Na + concentration was about 3-4 times higher than Cl -at both sites. This result agrees with the study conducted by Jaafar et al (2014), which reported that concentrations of Na + were 4-15 times that of Cl -for fine dust (PM 2.5 ), though much less was found as part of the coarse fraction.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Pm 25 -Bound Ionssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Another important ion is Na + , which consists mostly of crustal origins (Tao et al, 2013;Jaafar et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2016) and was present in relatively high concentrations during the BB period. Open burning increases soil temperature and, when it is sufficiently elevated, the chemicals can be released from the soil into the air (Williams et al, 1992;Jimenez et al, 2006).…”

Section: Concentrations Of Pm 25 -Bound Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zn concentration at CMU was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that at DAK. This is because Zn likely originates locally from brake or tire wear on automobiles (e.g., Lin et al, 2005;Jaafar et al, 2014). Therefore, it was likely higher at the urban site (CMU).…”

Section: Concentrations Of Pm 25 -Bound Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Biomass Burning Chemical Components over Northern Southeast Asia during 7-SEAS/BASELInE 2014 Campaign

Khamkaew

Chantara

Janta

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigates the chemical components of biomass burning (BB) aerosols obtained from Doi Ang Khang (DAK; near BB source) and Chiang Mai University (CMU; an urban location) over northern Southeast Asia in dry season (March to mid-April) 2014. PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm) samples were collected over a 24-h sampling period as a part of the Seven South East Asian Studies ) and CMU (90.7-93.1 µg m -3 ) were not significantly different (p > 0.05) and well correlated (r = 0.8), and likely originated from similar source origins. The number of fire hotspots was particularly high during 20-21 March (greater than 200) and, consequently, peaks of PM 2.5 were recorded at both sites. The most abundant elements at both sampling sites were K (49-50% of total elements), Al (26-31%), Mg (16%) and Zn (4-7%), whereas SO 4 2-(30-38% of total ions), NO 3 -(13-20%), Na + (16-20%) and NH 4 + (14-15%) were the most abundant ions. Concentrations of levoglucosan and K + (BB tracers) were well correlated (r = 0.5 for CMU and 0.7 for DAK) confirming that the PM 2.5 detected in these areas were mainly influenced by BB activity. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that BB, road traffic, agricultural activity and soil re-suspension were plausible sources of PM 2.5 over the study locations. Apart from local sources, the influence of long-range transport was also investigated by way of three-day backward trajectory analysis.

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Section: Concentrations Of Pm 25 -Bound Ionssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Concentrations Of Pm 25 -Bound Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Biomass Burning Chemical Components over Northern Southeast Asia during 7-SEAS/BASELInE 2014 Campaign

Khamkaew

Chantara

Janta

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Another important parameter for the gas-particle partitioning of POPs is the organic matter (OM) content of particles (Harner and Shoeib, 2002;Odabasi et al, 2006a, b;Cetin and Odabasi, 2008;Li et al, 2008) which has been overlooked in the previous studies investigating the factors affecting the particle size distributions of POPs. Several recent studies have reported that the elemental and organic carbon content of fine atmospheric PM is substantially higher than those for coarse particles (Offenberg and Baker, 2000;Viidanoja et al, 2002;Harrison et al, 2004;Chow et al, 2008;Jaafar et al, 2014;Rogula-Kozlowska, 2014). Thus, the larger contribution (> 50%) of all POP compounds could be attributed to higher sorption capacity of fine PM because of its higher OM content, and association of nonvolatile compounds primarily with fine PM is due to their large K OA values.…”

Section: The Size Distributions Of Popsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) on Fine and Coarse Atmospheric Particles Measured at Two (Urban and Industrial) Sites

Odabaşı

Çetin

Bayram

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Particle size is an important parameter in terms of human health effects, fate and transport of pollutants associated with particulate matter (PM). Persistent organic pollutant (POP) (i.e., PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, and OCPs) concentrations were measured on fine (d p < 2.5 µm) and coarse (2.5 µm < d p < 10 µm) aerosol samples collected at two (Urban and Industrial) sites in Izmir, Turkey. POP concentrations were ~2 times higher at the Industrial site due to the local sources (i.e., scrap processing iron-steel plants, ship-breaking activities, a petroleum refinery, and a petrochemical plant) that were recently shown to be hot spots emitting these pollutants. The size distribution of particle-phase POPs indicated that they were mostly (> 50%) associated with fine PM. The larger contribution of all POP compounds to fine PM could be attributed to the higher sorption capacity of fine PM because of its relatively higher organic matter content compared to coarse PM. Fine PM fraction of POPs significantly increased with octanol-air partition coefficient (K OA ) (p < 0.01) since larger K OA values favor the partitioning of POPs to PM. Relationships between fine PM percent and meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature and wind speed) were also investigated. Fine PM percent decreased with temperature and the correlations were significant for 51% of the compounds (p < 0.01), suggesting that the decrease in K OA with increasing temperature results in less partitioning to PM. Fine PM fraction also decreased with wind speed (p < 0.01 for the 52% of the compounds) that could be attributed to increased resuspension of contaminated coarse particles with increasing wind speed. Using the experimental deposition velocities reported for several POPs in the study area it was shown that dry particle deposition velocity significantly decreases with increasing fine PM fraction (p < 0.01). This indicates that the increase in fine fraction of POPs with decreasing volatility may have important implications for their environmental fate and transport.

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“…A significant improvement in the correlations was observed when the dataset was classified according to the ratio between natural (N) and anthropogenic (A) contributions (i.e., N/A) to the PM1 measured at ground level. In particular, these contributions were calculated starting from the PM1 trace element composition by applying a methodological approach based on the combined use of the enrichment factor and the chemical mass closure techniques [9]. As Figure 3 shows, two linear relationships between PM1 concentrations and IB values were found.…”

Section: Pbl Top Over the Different Areas Observed (Figures Not Shown)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Local - Air Project: Tropospheric Aerosol Monitoring by CALIPSO Lidar Satellite and Ground-Based Observations

Sarli

Trippetta

Bitonto³

et al. 2016

EPJ Web of Conferences

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A new method for the detection of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height from CALIPSO space-borne lidar data was developed and the possibility to infer the sub-micrometric aerosol particle (i.e., PM1) concentrations at ground level from CALIPSO observations was also explored. The comparison with ground-based lidar measurements from an EARLINET (European Aerosol Research LIdar Network) station showed the reliability of the developed method for the PBL. Moreover, empirical relationships between integrated backscatter values from CALIPSO and PM1 concentrations were found thanks to the combined use of the retrieved PBL heights, CALIPSO aerosol profiles and typing and PM1 insitu measurements.

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Dust episodes in Beirut and their effect on the chemical composition of coarse and fine particulate matter

Cited by 22 publications

References 68 publications

Investigation of Biomass Burning Chemical Components over Northern Southeast Asia during 7-SEAS/BASELInE 2014 Campaign

Investigation of Biomass Burning Chemical Components over Northern Southeast Asia during 7-SEAS/BASELInE 2014 Campaign

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) on Fine and Coarse Atmospheric Particles Measured at Two (Urban and Industrial) Sites

Local - Air Project: Tropospheric Aerosol Monitoring by CALIPSO Lidar Satellite and Ground-Based Observations

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