Durotropic Growth of Pollen Tubes

Reimann, Ronny; Kah, Delf; Mark, Christoph; Dettmer, Jan; Reimann, Theresa Maria; Gerum, Richard; Geitmann, Anja; Fabry, Ben; Dietrich, Petra; Kost, Benedikt

doi:10.1104/pp.19.01505

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The PTs of the plants with hollow TTs (hPTs), however, showed opposite behavior. Interestingly, the force exerted by the elongating sPTs was recorded far lower (<11 µN for tobacco PT) than that of their hPT counterparts (<36 µN for lily PT) (Reimann et al, 2020). However, the elongation of both types of PTs was halted at excessively high matrix stiffness level (12% agarose).…”

Section: Durotaxis: Pollen Tube Steals a Cellular Movementioning

confidence: 96%

“…A recent PT-elongation study by Reimann et al (2020) showed that the PTs of the plants with solid or semi-solid TTs (sPTs) show increased elongation rates in stiffer matrices. The PTs of the plants with hollow TTs (hPTs), however, showed opposite behavior.…”

Section: Durotaxis: Pollen Tube Steals a Cellular Movementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro studies suggest that PTs should reach 100-200 µm vicinity to perceive female gametophyte cues (Dresselhaus et al, 2011), whereas in vivo studies have shown that female gametophyte-derived cues can reach much further and play a role in PT-redirection from the TT to the funiculus (Meng et al, 2019;Zhong et al, 2019). According to a recent study, the PTs of several species exhibit durotactic growth (faster elongation at stiffer matrices), whereas others do not (Malik et al, 2020;Reimann et al, 2020). Even with such diversity, all PTs share a common purpose, that is, to safely deliver sperm cells to the female gametophyte for double fertilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanics of Pollen Tube Elongation: A Perspective

2020

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Pollen tube (PT) serves as a vehicle that delivers male gametes (sperm cells) to a female gametophyte during double fertilization, which eventually leads to the seed formation. It is one of the fastest elongating structures in plants. Normally, PTs traverse through the extracellular matrix at the transmitting tract after penetrating the stigma. While the endeavor may appear simple, the molecular processes and mechanics of the PT elongation is yet to be fully resolved. Although it is the most studied "tip-growing" structure in plants, several features of the structure (e.g., Membrane dynamics, growth behavior, mechanosensing etc.) are only partially understood. In many aspects, PTs are still considered as a tissue rather than a "unique cell." In this review, we have attempted to discuss mainly on the mechanics behind PT-elongation and briefly on the molecular players involved in the process. Four aspects of PTs are particularly discussed: the PT as a cell, its membrane dynamics, mechanics of its elongation, and the potential mechanosensors involved in its elongation based on relevant findings in both plant and non-plant models.

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Section: Durotaxis: Pollen Tube Steals a Cellular Movementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Durotaxis: Pollen Tube Steals a Cellular Movementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanics of Pollen Tube Elongation: A Perspective

2020

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“…Only when the PT reaches the female gametophyte inside the ovule does it bursts to release the two sperm cells. This journey implicates complex mechanisms that assure PT integrity and growth, adhesion to transmitting tract cells, and molecular communication between the PT and the maternal and gametophytic tissues of the ovule (Lord, 2003;Johnson et al, 2019;Reimann et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Pollen Tube Journey: Interaction With the Transmitting Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this journey through the female tissues, the CW plays an important role, providing mechanical support and also plasticity enough to permit not only growth but also a dynamic response to the plethora of chemical stimuli to which PTs respond. In this sense, the recently coined term "durotropic growth" refers to a mechano-sensitive growth behavior that contributes to PT guidance in plants with solid or semi-solid transmitting tracts (Reimann et al, 2020). Microtubules are also proposed to stabilize PT under tension, facilitating its growth (Hamant et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Pollen Tube Journey: Interaction With the Transmitting Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Complex Journey: Cell Wall Remodeling, Interactions, and Integrity During Pollen Tube Growth

et al. 2020

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In flowering plants, pollen tubes undergo a journey that starts in the stigma and ends in the ovule with the delivery of the sperm cells to achieve double fertilization. The pollen cell wall plays an essential role to accomplish all the steps required for the successful delivery of the male gametes. This extended path involves female tissue recognition, rapid hydration and germination, polar growth, and a tight regulation of cell wall synthesis and modification, as its properties change not only along the pollen tube but also in response to guidance cues inside the pistil. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cell wall synthesis and modification during pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and rupture.

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