Duration Of Ventilation Support Usage And Development Of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: When Is The Most Time At Risk?

Abstract

Introduction: Ventilator Associated pneumonia (VAP) is pneumonia that occurs in patients who have been mechanically ventilated for a duration of more than 48 hours. The duration of ventilator use was identified as a risk factor which is trigger of VAP. Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between the duration of ventilator use and the incidence of VAP in patients in the Intensive Care Unit of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang. Method and Material:This study was an observational analytic study using cross sectional design. The samples were all patients who use a ventilator for more than 48 hours at the ICU room periode of July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015. Data were obtained from patient's medical records of total 146 patients, but the number of patients who comply the criteria was 106 patients. Result and Discussion: Out of the 106 samples, 41 patients (38.7%) developed VAP and 65 patients (61.3%) did not develop VAP. The analysis using Chi Square test showed that patients who used ventilator for >5 days had an OR = 3.273 compared to patients using ventilator 2-5 days (p value = 0.016; 95% CI = 1.223 to 8.754). Conclusion: There is a significant association between the duration of ventilator use and the incidence of VAP in patients at the ICU of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang. Patients using ventilators for more than 5 days 3,386 times more at risk of developing VAP compared to patients using ventilators 2-5 days. The most risky time for patient using ventilator was more than 5 days of usage. And, the mortality rate of VAP patients was 63.4% from 41 patients while the mortality rate of whole ICU patients was 50.9%.

Distribution and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria from endotracheal aspirates among ventilator-assisted pneumonia patients in Indonesia

“…T he use of invasive medical devices to monitor or to support the patient life such as a mechanical ventilator, has increased patient vulnerability to nosocomial infections [ 1 ]. The hospital-acquired infection has been associated with an increased rate of morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stay [ 2 ].…”

“…Pneumonia approximately occurs in 5–10 out of 1000 hospitalized patients, and the number increases by 6–20 times among those receiving mechanical ventilation [ 1 , 5 ]. A study reported a 5–67% incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) cases, and the incidence vary based on the country, setting, and diagnostic approach employed [ 3 ].…”

Design and Build a Ventalitor Tester With PIP and PIF Waveform Displays As Validation (PIP)

“…As a result, Pplat can never be more than the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), because there will always be an intrinsic resistance that the resistance P must overcome. In mechanical ventilation, this number reflects the positive pressure in centimeters of water pressure (cm H2O) [9] [10]. The normal peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is 25-30 cm H2O.…”

PID-Based Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2) Control System in ICU Ventilator

“…ICU Ventilator is a mechanical device used to replace and support respiratory function, this tool is widely used for patient care in the Intensive Care Unit. (ICU) [2]. Research related to ICU ventilators is increasingly being carried out, both hardware development and control system development.…”

“…Research related to ICU ventilators is increasingly being carried out, both hardware development and control system development. Ricky Indra [2] measures the duration of ventilator use in patients with pneumonia who require oxygen supply. The need for oxygen also needs to be regulated.…”