Duration of vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalisation, and death in residents and staff of long-term care facilities in England (VIVALDI): a prospective cohort study

Clinical effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine against Omicron infection in residents and staff of Long-Term Care Facilities: a prospective cohort study (VIVALDI)

“…We previously reported high level of short-term protection against infection and severe clinical outcomes following primary course vaccination in LTCF residents and staff, whilst Alpha and Delta variants were dominant[7]. However, we observed substantial waning of protection against infection in staff and against all outcomes (infection, hospital admission, death) in residents from 12 weeks following second dose, which was restored following a booster dose[7].…”

“…We previously reported high level of short-term protection against infection and severe clinical outcomes following primary course vaccination in LTCF residents and staff, whilst Alpha and Delta variants were dominant[7]. However, we observed substantial waning of protection against infection in staff and against all outcomes (infection, hospital admission, death) in residents from 12 weeks following second dose, which was restored following a booster dose[7]. Substantially increased short term protection against symptomatic disease, hospitalisation and death was also seen in adults >50 years following a third dose booster vaccination during high prevalence of Delta variant, with limited waning of protection after 10 weeks [8].…”

Managing the Impact of COVID-19 in Nursing Homes and Long-Term Care Facilities: An Update

“…In VIVALDI, real-world vaccine efficacy measured in terms of infection and mortality in nursing home residents significantly declined after just 12 weeks. 12 Importantly, a "booster" or third vaccine dose restored vaccine efficacy and maximized immunity across all outcomes. 12 This is in line with strong evidence from large wellconducted studies demonstrating the restoration of vaccine efficacy following a third mRNA vaccine.…”

“…12 Importantly, a "booster" or third vaccine dose restored vaccine efficacy and maximized immunity across all outcomes. 12 This is in line with strong evidence from large wellconducted studies demonstrating the restoration of vaccine efficacy following a third mRNA vaccine. 161 Additionally, evidence from Israel, the first country to administer booster vaccines to residents in longterm care facilities, demonstrated a reduction of 71% for overall infection and an 80% reduction in hospitalization in nursing home residents.…”

“…This is particularly true in the face of waning vaccine efficacy over time and in periods of high community transmission, prompting the rapid and successful deployment of booster vaccinations in this cohort. 11,12 It is clear that surveillance of ongoing vaccine effectiveness and consistent reevaluation of the potential need for future vaccine boosters is of critical importance for the sector.…”