Duration of untreated psychosis is associated with orbital–frontal grey matter volume reductions in first episode psychosis

Altered Thalamo-Cortical White Matter Connectivity: Probabilistic Tractography Study in Clinical-High Risk for Psychosis and First-Episode Psychosis

“…Among the progressive structural changes found in schizophrenia, 53,54 OFC volume reduction has been associated with duration of untreated psychosis. 55,56 In a similar fashion to retrograde degeneration, abnormal progressive changes in the gray matter might result in progressive changes in white matter connections. This suggestive idea is in line with our result of intermediate reduction in thalamo-OFC connectivity in CHR.…”

Paying attention to MMN in schizophrenia

“…These factors have been speculated to include imprecision in coding auditory features (Javitt et al, 2000;Leitman et al, 2010;Todd et al, 2003, deficits in retention of auditory sensory memory traces (Lietmann et al, 2010;cf. Javitt et al, 1998;Shelley et al, 1999), abnormal neural architecture in the supragranular layers of the frontal and auditory cortices (Bora et al, 2011;Borgwardt et al, 2011;Chance et al, 2008;Malla et al, 2011;Rasser et al, 2011;Salisbury et al, 2007;Sweet et al, 2007Sweet et al, , 2009Whitford et al, 2011), and abnormal neuroplasticity and neurochemistry (Banati and Hickie, 2009;Carlsson, 2006;Stephan et al, 2006;Stephan et al, 2009;Tan et al, 2007Tan et al, , 2009. Possible contributions are reviewed in Todd et al (2012).…”

Stigma- and non-stigma-related treatment barriers to mental healthcare reported by service users and caregivers

“…Delays in receiving treatment have been associated with poor outcomes. For instance, lengthy delays in untreated psychosis can predict poorer neurocognitive ability (Amminger et al, 2002;Gaynor et al, 2009), lower quality of life (Harrigan et al, 2003), impaired social functioning (Barnes et al, 2008), longer length of first hospitalisation (Penttila et al, 2013) and are associated with neuro-anatomical changes such as decreases in brain grey matter volume (Guo et al, 2013;Malla et al, 2011). Duration of untreated illness is also associated with worse outcomes in affective disorders (Dell'Osso et al, 2013).…”