Duration of major depressive episodes in the general population: Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)

Spijker, Jan; Graaf, Ron de; Bijl, Rob; Beekman, Aartjan T.F.; Ormel, Johan; Nolen, Willem A.

doi:10.1192/bjp.181.3.208

Cited by 422 publications

(363 citation statements)

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“…Clinicians were also explicitly asked to screen their caseload for potentially eligible participants. A depressive episode was defined as “chronic” if symptoms persisted for ≥12 months, because research has shown that chances of recovery decrease substantially after this period (Spijker et al., 2002). Inclusion criteria were (a) age ≥ 18, (b) current depressive episode according to DSM‐IV criteria with a duration of ≥12 months, (c) moderate to high levels of depressive symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology‐Self‐Report [IDS‐SR] ≥ 21), (d) at least one adequate trial of antidepressant medication during the current episode (defined as appropriate doses of antidepressant medication for ≥4 weeks or patient's refusal to use medication contrary to the advice of a psychiatrist), and (e) previous psychological treatment during the current episode (defined as ≥10 sessions of CBT or IPT or < 10 sessions if discontinued because of patient's withdrawal).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for patients with chronic, treatment-resistant depression: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial

et al. 2018

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BackgroundChronic and treatment‐resistant depressions pose serious problems in mental health care. Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an effective treatment for remitted and currently depressed patients. It is, however, unknown whether MBCT is effective for chronic, treatment‐resistant depressed patients.MethodA pragmatic, multicenter, randomized‐controlled trial was conducted comparing treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) with MBCT + TAU in 106 chronically depressed outpatients who previously received pharmacotherapy (≥4 weeks) and psychological treatment (≥10 sessions).ResultsBased on the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis, participants in the MBCT + TAU condition did not have significantly fewer depressive symptoms than those in the TAU condition (–3.23 [–6.99 to 0.54], d = 0.35, P = 0.09) at posttreatment. However, compared to TAU, the MBCT + TAU group reported significantly higher remission rates (χ 2(2) = 4.25, φ = 0.22, P = 0.04), lower levels of rumination (–3.85 [–7.55 to –0.15], d = 0.39, P = 0.04), a higher quality of life (4.42 [0.03–8.81], d = 0.42, P = 0.048), more mindfulness skills (11.25 [6.09–16.40], d = 0.73, P < 0.001), and more self‐compassion (2.91 [1.17–4.65], d = 0.64, P = 0.001). The percentage of non‐completers in the MBCT + TAU condition was relatively high (n = 12, 24.5%). Per‐protocol analyses revealed that those who completed MBCT + TAU had significantly fewer depressive symptoms at posttreatment compared to participants receiving TAU (–4.24 [–8.38 to –0.11], d = 0.45, P = 0.04).ConclusionAlthough the ITT analysis did not reveal a significant reduction in depressive symptoms of MBCT + TAU over TAU, MBCT + TAU seems to have beneficial effects for chronic, treatment‐resistant depressed patients in terms of remission rates, rumination, quality of life, mindfulness skills, and self‐compassion. Additionally, patients who completed MBCT showed significant reductions in depressive symptoms. Reasons for non‐completion should be further investigated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for patients with chronic, treatment-resistant depression: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial

et al. 2018

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“…months (Spijker et al, 2002). As well as a high prevalence in women, duration is often longer for females than for males (Ayuso-Mateos et al, 2001;Bebbington et al, 1998;Üstün et al, 2004).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and clinical course of depression: A review

Richards

2011

Clinical Psychology Review

480

288

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“…We can also examine the extent to which well-being is affected by gender, health status, age and the presence of children. Many studies have found that socio-demographic factors play an important role in explaining inter-individual variability in well-being 14,15,16 and depressive symptoms 17,18 , as well as in physical morbidity 19,20,21,22 .…”

Section: Socio-demographic Factors and Labour Market Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of wellbeing in Ireland

Delaney

Doyle

McKenzie

et al. 2009

Ir. j. psychol. Med.

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Objectives: There is a substantial knowledge gap about the distribution of mental heath in community populations. The European Social Survey is particularly useful as it contains information on over 40,000 individuals, including 2,286 Irish adults. The objective of this study is to conduct a large scale statistical analysis to examine the distribution and determinants of mental well-being in a large representative sample of the Irish population.Method: Analysis of the European Social Survey using robust multiple linear and non-linear regression techniques. The data-set contains WHO-5 scores and subjective well-being for a sample of 2,286 Irish people interviewed in their homes in 2005.Results: Ireland has the second highest average WHO-5 score among the 22 countries in the European Social Survey. Multiple linear regression analysis across the distribution of WHO-5 reveals a well-being gradient largely related to education and social capital variables. A probit model examining the determinants of vulnerability to psychiatric morbidity reveals that a similar set of factors predict scores below the threshold point on the WHO-5 scale. Conclusions:The results are consistent with marked differences in mental well-being across education levels and variables relating to social capital factors. Such indicators provide a useful index for policy-makers and researchers. However, much further work is needed to identify causal mechanisms generating observed differences in mental health across different socioeconomic groups.

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Duration of major depressive episodes in the general population: Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)

Abstract: Although half of those affected with MDE recovered rapidly, the risk of chronicity (duration 24 months or more) was considerable. This underlines the necessity of diagnosing and treating those at risk.

Cited by 422 publications

References 18 publications

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for patients with chronic, treatment-resistant depression: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for patients with chronic, treatment-resistant depression: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial

Prevalence and clinical course of depression: A review

The distribution of wellbeing in Ireland

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