Duration of Immunity to Diphtheria and Tetanus After Active Immunization

Scheibel, I.; Bentzon, Michael Weis; Christensen, Peter; Biering, A.

doi:10.1111/apm.1966.67.3.380

Cited by 71 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…(205), and tetanus (10-1). DISCUSSION The decrease in diphtheria immunity with age in this study is in agreement with studies elsewhere (Scheibel et al 1966;Kjeldsen, Simonsen & Heron, 1985) which also show that diphtheria antitoxin titre declined with time after primary immunization. Although the number of notified cases of diphtheria in New Zealand has declined to an insignificant level, 76 (80-8 %) of the 94 cases notified between 1960 and 1984 were aged under 15 years (The Public Health, 1960-1984.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Antibody level of New Zealand children immunized with the triple vaccine DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis)

Lau¹

1988

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used to measure IgG antibody levels in 2638 New Zealand children who had been immunized with the triple vaccine DTP. The percentage of children immune to diphtheria decreased with age. The percentage of children immune to tetanus varied from 67-1 to 550 %. The percentage of children with measurable antibody to pertussis increased with age. The mean percentages of children with measurable antibody or immunity to one or more DTP components were 34-2 % (with 3 components), 34 4 % (2 components), and 78 1 % (1 component). It appears the immunization strategy for diphtheria and tetanus is satisfactory for herd immunity in New Zealand children. However, the current pertussis strategy may not be providing adequate immunity to 5-year-olds in this country.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Antibody level of New Zealand children immunized with the triple vaccine DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis)

Lau¹

1988

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…The only previously vaccinated subject who failed to respond to tetanus toxoid raised an antitoxin response to simultaneously administered diphtheria toxoid. This subject may, therefore, represent one of the small group of individuals responding inadequately to tetanus vaccination (Scheibel, Bentzon & Christensen, 1966). One dose of either vaccine, however, provided adequate reinforcement of immunity to tetanus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative clinical study of Adsorbed Tetanus Vaccine and Adult-type Tetanus–Diphtheria Vaccine

Deacon

Langford

Shepherd

et al. 1982

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYA limited assessment of immunity to diphtheria revealed that only 44-8 % of adults had protective levels (> 0-01 U/ml) of diphtheria antitoxin in their sera. In the light of this information, it was decided to assessthe suitability of Adult-type Tetanus-Diphtheria Vaccine as a replacement for Adsorbed Tetanus Vaccine in occupational health schemes. A comparative study of these vaccines showed that a single dose of each produced an equivalent rate and level of tetanus antitoxin responses. Adult-type Td Vaccine elicited more than fourfold increases ofdiphtheria antitoxin in 76 % of vaccinees. No statistically significant differences were observed in the clinical reactivity of the vaccines under test. However, the combined vaccine caused a slightly higher incidence of local reactions (pain, redness and swelling) while recipients of Adsorbed Tetanus Vaccine more frequently experienced pain.

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“…Parenteral routes of immunization are very efficient in inducing neutralizing IgG responses that can be maintained as humoral immunological memory over long periods of time (3,4). However, these routes usually induce poor IgA responses, especially at mucosal surfaces.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alveolar Macrophages and Lung Dendritic Cells Sense RNA and Drive Mucosal IgA Responses

Bessa¹,

Jegerlehner²,

Hinton³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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The mechanisms regulating systemic and mucosal IgA responses in the respiratory tract are incompletely understood. Using virus-like particles loaded with single-stranded RNA as a ligand for TLR7, we found that systemic vs mucosal IgA responses in mice were differently regulated. Systemic IgA responses following s.c. immunization were T cell independent and did not require TACI or TGFβ, whereas mucosal IgA production was dependent on Th cells, TACI, and TGFβ. Strikingly, both responses required TLR7 signaling, but systemic IgA depended upon TLR7 signaling directly to B cells whereas mucosal IgA required TLR7 signaling to lung dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages. Our data show that IgA switching is controlled differently according to the cell type receiving TLR signals. This knowledge should facilitate the development of IgA-inducing vaccines.

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Duration of Immunity to Diphtheria and Tetanus After Active Immunization

Cited by 71 publications

References 8 publications

Antibody level of New Zealand children immunized with the triple vaccine DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis)

Antibody level of New Zealand children immunized with the triple vaccine DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis)

A comparative clinical study of Adsorbed Tetanus Vaccine and Adult-type Tetanus–Diphtheria Vaccine

Alveolar Macrophages and Lung Dendritic Cells Sense RNA and Drive Mucosal IgA Responses

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