Duration of electroconvulsive shock-induced retrograde amnesia in rats

King, Richard A.; Glasser, Richard

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(70)90107-1

Cited by 54 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This test uses normal behaviour of rats and was developed by King and Glasser (1970). The step-through passive avoidance behaviour was evaluated by using the light-dark apparatus, which has two walls of wood and the remaining two walls of transparent plexiglass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain neurotransmitter receptor binding and nootropic studies on Indian Hypericum perforatum Linn.

Kumar

Khanna

Seth

et al. 2002

Phytotherapy Research

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The high affinity binding sites for serotonin and benzodiazepine in the frontal cortex, for dopamine in the striatum and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus were investigated in the brains of Charles Foster rats treated for 3 days. Transfer latency on elevated plus maze (TL), passive and active avoidance behaviour (PA and AA) and electroconvulsive shock (ECS) induced amnesia were also studied. Pilot studies indicated that single dose administration of Indian Hypericum perforatum (IHp) had little or no acute behavioural effects and hence the extract of IHp was administered orally at two dose levels (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 3 consecutive days, while piracetam (500 mg/kg, i.p.), a clinically used nootropic agent, was administered acutely to rats as the standard nootropic agent. Control rats were treated with an equal volume of vehicle (0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose). The results indicate that IHp treatment caused a significant decrease in the binding of [3H] spiroperone (DA-D2 receptor) to the striatum and an increase in the binding of [3H] ketanserin (5-HT2A receptor) and [3H] flunitrazepam (BDZ receptor) to the frontal cortex in rats. Preliminary pharmacological studies with IHp extract indicate the presence of two major behavioural actions, namely, antidepressant and anxiolytic. The present findings tend to elucidate the mechanism of earlier observations, the downregulation of the dopamine D2 receptor being consonant with anxiolytic and the upregulation of 5-HT2A and BDZ receptors being consonant with antidepressant activity. Piracetam when given alone, shortened the TL on days 1, 2 and 9 day and also antagonized the amnesic effects of ECS on the TL significantly, whereas IHp antagonized the amnesia produced by ECS. IHp had no significant effect per se on the retention of the PA in rats but produced a significant reversal of ECS induced PA retention deficit. Piracetam showed a significant facilitatory effect per se on PA retention and also reversed the ECS induced impaired PA retention. In the AA test, piracetam facilitated the acquisition and retention of AA in rats but IHp had no effect per se. Both the doses of IHp and piracetam significantly attenuated the ECS induced impaired retention of AA. These results indicate a possible nootropic action of IHp in amnesic animals, which was comparable qualitatively to piracetam.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain neurotransmitter receptor binding and nootropic studies on Indian Hypericum perforatum Linn.

Kumar

Khanna

Seth

et al. 2002

Phytotherapy Research

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“…Other variables such as the number of tests performed to reach recovery (King and Glasser 1970), strength of conditioning (Quartermain and McEwen 1970), and extent of the behavioral impairment caused by the amnesic treatment (Cherkin 1972;Gold et al 1973;Davis et al 1978) were also found to modulate recovery. In the latter case, the probability of recovery was inversely related to the size of the behavioral impairment.…”

Section: Recovery From Amnesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these are reported in different behavior tasks, we want to point out that the difference in baseline amnesia is an important factor to predict recovery as what has been reported before-the greater the amnesia, the lower the probability of recovery (Davis et al 1978). In addition, the study by Power et al used multiple retention tests on the same animals, which is also a factor affecting the probability of recovery (King and Glasser 1970). Because of the observed spontaneous recovery, these investigators would seem to support RIVA as an explanation of the post-reactivation amnesia.…”

Section: Onward To the Pastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fading in

Nader¹,

Wang²

2006

Learn. Mem.

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Patient H.M. can form new memories and maintain them for a few seconds before they fade away. From a neurobiological perspective, this amnesia is usually attributed to the absence of memory consolidation, that is, memory storage. An alternative view holds that this impairment reflects that the memory is present but cannot be retrieved. This debate has been unresolved for decades. Here, we will consider some of the arguments that make it so difficult to resolve this issue. In addition, some recent work will be discussed that has gone beyond the shortcomings of previous experimental approaches to strongly suggest that amnesia can be due to a retrieval impairment that can be overcome with a reminder—an example of memories fading in. Finally, this review will suggest some strategies for resolving this debate.

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“…As explained traditionally by the concept of memory consolidation, RA results from a failure of memory storage (see, e.g., Jacobs & Sorenson, 1969;Riccio, Hodges, & Randall, 1968;Spanis & Squire, 1987), and it has been thought by many researchers to be permanent (e.g., King & Glasser, 1970;Luttges & McGaugh, 1967). However, increasing numbers of studies continue to demonstrate that animals are able to recover memories thought to be lost permanently due to the amnesic treatment (see Riccio & Richardson , 1984, for a review).…”

Section: Hypothermia-induced Retrograde Amnesia In Young and Adult Swmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia in young and adult Swiss mice

Nagy

Martin

1993

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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To determine whether young and adult mice were capable of recovery from hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia, mice at 16, 25, and 100 days of age received shock for crossing from a white to a black chamber in a one-trial passive avoidance paradigm. An equal number of mice at each age received no shock for making the crossover response. Following training, half the mice in each training group received exposure to hypothermia by immersion to the neck in a cold water bath, and the remaining half were suspended over an empty water bath. All mice were given one additional daily trial for the next 6 days in the avoidance chamber, but shock was never presented. The results indicated that both young and old mice were rendered equally amnestic by the hypothermia treatment. In addition, there was no evidence of recovery from the retrograde amnesia at any age. Possible reasons for the failure to obtain recovery are discussed.

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Duration of electroconvulsive shock-induced retrograde amnesia in rats

Cited by 54 publications

References 10 publications

Brain neurotransmitter receptor binding and nootropic studies on Indian Hypericum perforatum Linn.

Brain neurotransmitter receptor binding and nootropic studies on Indian Hypericum perforatum Linn.

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Hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia in young and adult Swiss mice

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