Duration of Breastfeeding and Early Growth: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

Patro-Gołąb, Bernadeta; Zalewski, B.; Polaczek, Anna; Szajewska, Hania

doi:10.1089/bfm.2018.0187

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Substantial evidence has shown that the higher protein content in formula milk compared to breast milk stimulates excessive growth and increases the risk of obesity [45,46]. On the other hand, a longer duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding tends to be associated, in a dose-dependent manner, with slower growth rates in infancy [47].…”

Section: Macronutrients: Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary Feeding: Pitfalls for Health Outcomes

D’Auria

Borsani

Pendezza

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The term complementary feeding is defined as the period in which a progressive reduction of breastfeeding or infant-formula feeding takes place, while the infant is gradually introduced to solid foods. It is a crucial time in the infant’s life, not only because of the rapid changes in nutritional requirements and the consequent impact on infant growth and development, but also for a generation of lifelong flavor preferences and dietary habits that will influence mid and long-term health. There is an increasing body of evidence addressing the pivotal role of nutrition, especially during the early stages of life, and its link to the onset of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and allergic diseases. It is clear that the way in which a child is introduced to complementary foods may have effects on the individual’s entire life. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of complementary feeding timing, composition, and mode on mid and long-term health outcomes, in the light of the current evidence. Furthermore, we suggest practical tips for a healthy approach to complementary feeding, aiming at a healthy future, and highlight gaps to be filled.

show abstract

Section: Macronutrients: Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary Feeding: Pitfalls for Health Outcomes

D’Auria

Borsani

Pendezza

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other early life dietary variables linked to childhood overweight are breastfeeding and milk cereal drink (MCD) intake. Breastfeeding is associated with slower growth rate in infancy and is considered a protective factor [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. In Sweden, MCDs are commonly consumed by infants and toddlers and studies have shown that MCDs are a risk factor for childhood overweight [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Pouch Consumption and Dietary Patterns Related to BMIz at 18 Months of Age

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Concerns have been raised that an overconsumption of baby food fruit pouches among toddlers might increase the risk of childhood obesity. This study aimed to quantify the consumption of fruit pouches and other fruit containing food products and to explore potential correlations between the consumption of these products and body-mass index z-score (BMIz) at 18 months, taking other predictive factors into consideration. The study was based on 1499 children and one-month-recall food frequency questionnaires from the Swedish population-based birth cohort NorthPop. Anthropometric outcome data were retrieved from child health care records. BMIz at 18 months of age was correlated to maternal BMI and gestational weight gain and inversely correlated to fruit juice consumption and breastfeeding. BMIz at 18 months of age was not correlated to consumption of fruit pouches, sugar-sweetened beverages, whole fruit or milk cereal drink. Overweight at 18 months of age was correlated to maternal BMI and inversely correlated to breastfeeding duration. To our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates possible associations between baby food fruit pouch consumption and overweight in toddlers. We found that moderate fruit pouch consumption is not associated with excess weight at 18 months of age.

show abstract

“…Previous studies on infant feeding and weight-related outcomes have mainly focused on (exclusive) breastfeeding (BF) duration, and the timing of introduction of complementary feeding (CF), with somewhat conflicting results [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Although some studies have reported that a longer BF duration and a later introduction of CF are associated with a lower BMI during childhood [ 7 , 12 ] others reported no associations [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Feeding and Ethnic Differences in Body Mass Index during Childhood: A Prospective Study

Sirkka

Vrijkotte

Houtum³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated ethnic differences in childhood body mass index (BMI) in children from Dutch and Turkish descent and the role of infant feeding factors (breastfeeding duration, milk feeding frequency, as well as the timing, frequency and variety of complementary feeding (CF)). We used data from 244 children (116 Dutch and 128 Turkish) participating in a prospective study in the Netherlands. BMI was measured at 2, 3 and 5 years and standard deviation scores (sds) were derived using WHO references. Using linear mixed regression analyses, we examined ethnic differences in BMI-sds between 2 and 5 years, and the role of infant feeding in separate models including milk or CF factors, or both (full model). Relative to Dutch children, Turkish children had higher BMI-sds at age 3 (mean difference: 0.26; 95%CI: 0.04,0.48) and 5 (0.63; 0.39,0.88), but not at 2 years (0.08; −0.16,0.31). Ethnic differences in BMI-sds were somewhat attenuated by CF factors at age 3 (0.16; −0.07,0.40) and 5 years (0.50; 0.24,0.77), whereas milk feeding had a minor impact. Of all factors, only CF variety was associated with BMI-sds in the full model. CF factors, particularly CF variety, explain a small fraction of the BMI-sds differences between Dutch and Turkish children. The role of CF variety on childhood BMI requires further investigation.

show abstract

Duration of Breastfeeding and Early Growth: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

Complementary Feeding: Pitfalls for Health Outcomes

Complementary Feeding: Pitfalls for Health Outcomes

Fruit Pouch Consumption and Dietary Patterns Related to BMIz at 18 Months of Age

Infant Feeding and Ethnic Differences in Body Mass Index during Childhood: A Prospective Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About