Duration of and decoupling between carbon isotope excursions during the end-Triassic mass extinction and Central Atlantic Magmatic Province emplacement

Yager, Joyce A.; West, A. Joshua; Corsetti, Frank A.; Berelson, William M.; Rollins, Nick; Rosas, Silvia; Bottjer, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2017.05.031

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Paleomagnetic polarity correlation between the Newark-Hartford composite to the Bristol Channel section and ammonite-based correlation of the Hettangian-Sinemurian boundary from the Bristol Channel section to the marine Pucara Group (Peru) allows zircon U-Pb ages to be exported to the Bristol Channel and the Newark-Hartford Jurassic sections. The Pucara section has many zircon U-Pb CA-ID-TIMS dated ash layers with ages (46,47) in agreement with both the Newark-Hartford and Bristol Channel Basin astrochronologies (44). An alternation in intensity of cycles attributed to climatic precession suggests a hint of obliquity pacing in the Bristol Channel data (42,45) consistent with its higher-latitude position during the Early Jurassic (∼32°N) relative to the Newark-Hartford record (∼21°N) (10).…”

Section: Comparable Early Mesozoic Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Mapping Solar System chaos with the Geological Orrery

Olsen

Laskar

Kent

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Geological Orrery is a network of geological records of orbitally paced climate designed to address the inherent limitations of solutions for planetary orbits beyond 60 million years ago due to the chaotic nature of Solar System motion. We use results from two scientific coring experiments in Early Mesozoic continental strata: the Newark Basin Coring Project and the Colorado Plateau Coring Project. We precisely and accurately resolve the secular fundamental frequencies of precession of perihelion of the inner planets and Jupiter for the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic epochs (223–199 million years ago) using the lacustrine record of orbital pacing tuned only to one frequency (1/405,000 years) as a geological interferometer. Excepting Jupiter’s, these frequencies differ significantly from present values as determined using three independent techniques yielding practically the same results. Estimates for the precession of perihelion of the inner planets are robust, reflecting a zircon U–Pb-based age model and internal checks based on the overdetermined origins of the geologically measured frequencies. Furthermore, although not indicative of a correct solution, one numerical solution closely matches the Geological Orrery, with a very low probability of being due to chance. To determine the secular fundamental frequencies of the precession of the nodes of the planets and the important secular resonances with the precession of perihelion, a contemporaneous high-latitude geological archive recording obliquity pacing of climate is needed. These results form a proof of concept of the Geological Orrery and lay out an empirical framework to map the chaotic evolution of the Solar System.

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Section: Comparable Early Mesozoic Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Mapping Solar System chaos with the Geological Orrery

Olsen

Laskar

Kent

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Photic zone euxinia combined with anoxic conditions is considered to be a potent mechanism for the ETE since these conditions are widely documented in Panthalassic and Tethys basins during the ETE 3,18 . It is worth noting that the first appearance of euxinia on the shelves, as suggested by the presence of upper Rhaetian phosphorites, could indeed precede the onset of CAMP volcanism, adding to the growing dataset that environmental conditions began to deteriorate before the beginning of CAMP volcanism in different parts of the globe 19,20,22 . Dike and sill intrusions in organic rich sediments in Brazil were proposed as a potential mechanism that drove the climate change preceding the onset of CAMP volcanism 19,21,44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The knowledge base of the conditions leading up to the ETE is poorly resolved, as the main focus has remained on the timing associated with an initial emplacement of CAMP. Yet, recent studies of the pre-extinction interval reveal biotic, climatic and geochemical changes before the onset of known CAMP volcanism 19–22 . Here, we present the first detailed study investigating the genesis of Upper Triassic phosphorite deposits from Williston Lake, British Columbia, which intriguingly occur directly before the ETE interval (Figs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uppermost Triassic phosphorites from Williston Lake, Canada: link to fluctuating euxinic-anoxic conditions in northeastern Panthalassa before the end-Triassic mass extinction

Larina

Bottjer

Corsetti

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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The end-Triassic mass extinction (ETE) is associated with a rise in CO2 due to eruptions of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP), and had a particularly dramatic effect on the Modern Fauna, so an understanding of the conditions that led to the ETE has relevance to current rising CO2 levels. Here, we report multiple phosphorite deposits in strata that immediately precede the ETE at Williston Lake, Canada, which allow the paleoenvironmental conditions leading up to the mass extinction to be investigated. The predominance of phosphatic coated grains within phoshorites indicates reworking in shallow water environments. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the phosphorites contain organic carbon, and petrographic and scanning electron microscopic analyses reveal that the phosphorites contain putative microfossils, potentially suggesting microbial involvement in a direct or indirect way. Thus, we favor a mechanism of phosphogenesis that involves microbial polyphosphate metabolism in which phosphatic deposits typically form at the interface of euxinic/anoxic and oxic conditions. When combined with data from deeper water deposits (Kennecott Point) far to the southwest, it would appear a very broad area of northeastern Panthalassa experienced anoxic to euxinic bottom water conditions in the direct lead up to the end-Triassic mass extinction. Such a scenario implies expansion and shallowing of the oxygen minimum zone across a very broad area of northeastern Panthalassa, which potentially created a stressful environment for benthic metazoan communities. Studies of the pre-extinction interval from different sites across the globe are required to resolve the chronology and spatial distribution of processes that governed before the major environmental collapse that caused the ETE. Results from this study demonstrate that fluctuating anoxic and euxinic conditions could have been potentially responsible for reduced ecosystem stability before the onset of CAMP volcanism, at least at the regional scale.

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“…We used default parameter settings of the LOSCAR paleo version and modified selected background initial conditions to better match a late Triassic steady state (SI Appendix, Table S2). Carbonate production during the end-Triassic/early Jurassic was likely restricted to surface epicontinental seas and shelves, which represent only a small part of the global ocean (24,(42)(43)(44). Following LOSCAR modeling applied for the end-Permian (45), with comparable paleogeography as the end-Triassic, carbonate precipitation was set to take place predominantly over the surface ocean sediment boxes (i.e., increasing parameter FSHLF; SI Appendix, Table S2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermogenic carbon release from the Central Atlantic magmatic province caused major end-Triassic carbon cycle perturbations

Heimdal

Jones

Svensen

2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP), the end-Triassic mass extinction (ETE), and associated major carbon cycle perturbations occurred synchronously around the Triassic–Jurassic (T–J) boundary (201 Ma). Negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) recorded in marine and terrestrial sediments attest to the input of isotopically light carbon, although the carbon sources remain debated. Here, we explore the effects of mantle-derived and thermogenic carbon released from the emplacement of CAMP using the long-term ocean–atmosphere–sediment carbon cycle reservoir (LOSCAR) model. We have tested a detailed emission scenario grounded by numerous complementary boundary conditions, aiming to model the full extent of the carbon cycle perturbations around the T–J boundary. These include three negative CIEs (i.e., Marshi/Precursor, Spelae/Initial, Tilmanni/Main) with sharp positive CIEs in between. We show that a total of ∼24,000 Gt C (including ∼12,000 Gt thermogenic C) replicates the proxy data. These results indicate that thermogenic carbon generated from the contact aureoles around CAMP sills represents a credible source for the negative CIEs. An extremely isotopically depleted carbon source, such as marine methane clathrates, is therefore not required. Furthermore, we also find that significant organic carbon burial, in addition to silicate weathering, is necessary to account for the positive δ13C intervals following the negative CIEs.

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Duration of and decoupling between carbon isotope excursions during the end-Triassic mass extinction and Central Atlantic Magmatic Province emplacement

Cited by 40 publications

References 47 publications

Mapping Solar System chaos with the Geological Orrery

Mapping Solar System chaos with the Geological Orrery

Uppermost Triassic phosphorites from Williston Lake, Canada: link to fluctuating euxinic-anoxic conditions in northeastern Panthalassa before the end-Triassic mass extinction

Thermogenic carbon release from the Central Atlantic magmatic province caused major end-Triassic carbon cycle perturbations

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