Duration and resolution effects on visual persistence (positive afterimages)

Long, Gerald M.

doi:10.3758/bf03330199

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…persistence decreases as stimulus duration decreases (Long, 1985). We used a 500-ms delay, and participants took an additional second to complete their estimations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Probability shapes perceptual precision: A study in orientation estimation.

Jabar

Anderson

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Probability is known to affect perceptual estimations, but an understanding of mechanisms is lacking. Moving beyond binary classification tasks, we had naive participants report the orientation of briefly viewed gratings where we systematically manipulated contingent probability. Participants rapidly developed faster and more precise estimations for high-probability tilts. The shapes of their error distributions, as indexed by a kurtosis measure, also showed a distortion from Gaussian. This kurtosis metric was robust, capturing probability effects that were graded, contextual, and varying as a function of stimulus orientation. Our data can be understood as a probability-induced reduction in the variability or "shape" of estimation errors, as would be expected if probability affects the perceptual representations. As probability manipulations are an implicit component of many endogenous cuing paradigms, changes at the perceptual level could account for changes in performance that might have traditionally been ascribed to "attention."

show abstract

“…persistence decreases as stimulus duration decreases (Long, 1985). We used a 500-ms delay, and participants took an additional second to complete their estimations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We deem it unlikely though that afterimages are an important basis for our effects. First, stimulus durations were short (60 ms), and visual persistence decreases as stimulus duration decreases (Long, 1985). We used a 500-ms delay, and participants took an additional second to complete their estimations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability shapes perceptual precision: A study in orientation estimation.

Jabar

Anderson

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Further, as successive stimuli are placed further apart, visual persistence is also increased (Di Lollo and Hogben 1987;Farrell 1984). And increased target size also increases visual persistence (Long 1985a). More recently, some work has considered the eects of retinal eccentricity, stimulus size, and stimulus contrast on visual persistence (Dawson and Wright 1994).…”

Section: Organizing the Behavioral Literaturementioning

confidence: 97%

Dissociating sensory and cognitive contributions to visual persistence I. Photoreceptor response duration as a function of flash intensity, adaptation state, and candidate code

Nisly-Nagele

Wasserman

2001

Biological Cybernetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous careful behavioral studies of visual persistence have reported a variety of apparently contradictory effects. Variation of flash intensity has particularly been found to have both direct and inverse effects on subjective duration. This conflict has been addressed by theories which contain both sensory and cognitive components. Depending on the weight given to these components, one obtains theories which emphasize intensity dependence or task dependence. Few comparably detailed physiological studies of persistence exist. To clarify the issues raised by these theories, we examined the responses evoked in the model photoreceptor of the Limulus lateral eye. To explore the role of sensory variables, we manipulated adaptation state and flash intensity. To explore cognitive variables, the durations of the photoreceptor potentials (RPs) evoked in this model system were assessed by a mutually complementary and complete set of candidate sensory codes. Accordingly, sharp microelectrodes were used to record RPs intracellularly from single photoreceptor cells in response to 40-ms flashes whose intensity was varied over at least 3.6 log units. Two light adaptation states were used which differed in sensitivity by 3.5 log units. This model system made it possible to employ stringent objective assessments of data quality which ensured that only cells which had remained stable for several hours contributed to the present data. A variety of code-dependent trends were found: direct, inverse, invariant, and U-shaped trends related flash intensity to RP duration, while adaptation state interacted with some of these trends. Only some of the expectations which had generated this research were qualitatively corroborated and numerous quantitative discrepancies were found between data and theory. While caution is necessary when generalizing from neural responses to perception, these data indicate that two major gaps now exist in this field. First, both task and stimulus variables need to be exhaustively explored in more complete behavioral experiments. The present data make it more likely that sensory models and cognitive models simply address different aspects of the same phenomenon. Second, similarly detailed questions need to be posed to more central neural loci, particularly to those in the various visual cortices.

show abstract

Individual Differences in Afterimage Persistence: Relationships to Hypnotic Susceptibility and Visuospatial Skills

Atkinson

Crawford²

1992

The American Journal of Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To investigate the moderating role of individual differences in hypnotic susceptibility and visuospatial skills on afterimage persistence, we presented a codable (cross) flash of light to 40 men and 46 women who had been dark adapted for 20 min. In an unrelated classroom setting, subjects had previously been given two standardized scales of hypnotic susceptibility (Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Shor & Orne, 1962; Group Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C, Crawford & Allen, 1982) and the Mental Rotations Test (Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978). The first afterimage interval and the afterimage duration correlated significantly with hypnotic responsiveness, supporting Wallace (1979), but did not show the anticipated relationships with mental rotation visuospatial skills. Individuals in the high hypnotizable group had (a) significantly longer afterimage intervals between its first appearance and first disappearance than did those in medium or low groups, as well as (b) significantly longer afterimages between the first appearance and the final disappearance than did those in low groups, but those in medium groups did not differ significantly from the other groups. Discriminant analysis using the afterimage persistence measures classified correctly 65.2% of high hypnotizables, 37.5% of medium hypnotizables, and 54.8% of low hypnotizables. Hypothesized cognitive skills that assist in the maintenance of afterimages and underlie hypnotic susceptibility include abilities to maintain focused attention and resist distractions over time and to maintain vivid visual images.

show abstract

Duration and resolution effects on visual persistence (positive afterimages)

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Probability shapes perceptual precision: A study in orientation estimation.

Probability shapes perceptual precision: A study in orientation estimation.

Dissociating sensory and cognitive contributions to visual persistence I. Photoreceptor response duration as a function of flash intensity, adaptation state, and candidate code

Individual Differences in Afterimage Persistence: Relationships to Hypnotic Susceptibility and Visuospatial Skills

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About