Duration and outcome in psychotherapy: An integrative review.

Steenbarger, Brett N.

doi:10.1037/0735-7028.25.2.111

Cited by 94 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…Lorentzen et al (2008) noted that, in long term group psychotherapy, patients with more severe characteristics needed longer treatment in order to change. Steenbarger (1994) reviewed the research between psychotherapy duration and outcome, concluding ''there is no one function linking duration and outcome across all clients, concerns, and helping approaches. It may be more fruitful to examine duration-outcome links for clients at particular stages of change within given modalities and change targets'' (p. 117).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-analysis of Wilderness Therapy Outcomes for Private Pay Clients

et al. 2016

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Wilderness therapy is becoming a more widely used intervention for adolescents, but there have not been any meta-analyses focused solely on its clinical effectiveness for private pay clients. This study's objective was to conduct outcome-based meta-analyses of private-pay wilderness therapy programs, benchmark primary features of this approach, and educate the clinical community as to its effectiveness. The authors conducted a review of all available databases, as well as manual searches. Searches resulted in a meta-analysis based on 36 studies, totaling 2399 participants receiving wilderness therapy. Our metaanalyses found medium effect sizes for all six constructs assessed: self-esteem (g = 0.49), locus of control (g = 0.55), behavioral observations (g = 0.75), personal effectiveness (g = 0.46), clinical measures (g = 0.50) and interpersonal measures (g = 0.54). Subgroup analyses included age of participants, duration of program, open or closed model, presence of a mental health practitioner, and publication year.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-analysis of Wilderness Therapy Outcomes for Private Pay Clients

et al. 2016

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“…Some studies suggest that brief treatment may be as effective as longer treatment (for reviews, see Bien, Miller, & Tonigan, 1993;Steenbarger, 1994), whereas others imply that a higher amount and longer duration of outpatient care are associated with better outcomes (Gilbert, 1988;Vannicelli, 1978). To clarify these apparent discrepancies, it is important to examine the independent associations between the duration and amount of treatment and different outcome criteria, and to find out whether specific patient subgroups, such as those with more severe disorders, are especially likely to benefit from more treatment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Outpatient mental health care, self‐help groups, and patients' one‐year treatment outcomes

Moos¹,

Schaefer²,

Andrassy³

et al. 2001

J Clin Psychol

107

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“…The issue is complex and it is quite likely the length of treatment-outcome relation could be mediated by several factors, i.e. patients' awareness of their focal problems, which is often impaired in PD patients (Steenbarger (1994). Planning treatment duration in advance may not be necessary, even if this option runs contrary to demands imposed by clinical policy and reimbursement restrictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Do personality problems improve during psychodynamic supportive–expressive psychotherapy? Secondary outcome results from a randomized controlled trial for psychiatric outpatients with personality disorders.

Vinnars

Thormählen

Gallop

et al. 2009

Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training

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Studies involving patients with personality disorders (PD) have not focused on improvement of core aspects of the PD. This paper examines changes in quality of object relations, interpersonal problems, psychological mindedness, and personality traits in a sample of 156 patients with DSM-IV PD diagnoses being randomized to either manualized or non manualized dynamic psychotherapy. Effect sizes adjusted for symptomatic change and reliable change indices were calculated. We found that both treatments were equally effective at reducing personality pathology. Only in neuroticism did the non manualized group do better during the follow-up period. The largest improvement was found in quality of object relations. For the remaining variables only small and clinically insignificant magnitudes of change were found.The prevalence of personality disorders (PD) among psychiatric patients ranges between 31 -45 % (Samuels et al., 2002). Psychotherapeutic treatment in general and dynamic therapy in particular has increasingly shifted from a long term to briefer time formats. As a result, the focus of brief dynamic psychotherapies has shifted from restructuring personality Publisher's Disclaimer:The following manuscript is the final accepted manuscript. It has not been subjected to the final copyediting, fact-checking, and proofreading required for formal publication. It is not the definitive, publisher-authenticated version. The American Psychological Association and its Council of Editors disclaim any responsibility or liabilities for errors or omissions of this manuscript version, any version derived from this manuscript by NIH, or other third parties. The published version is available at www.apa.org/journals/pst. NIH Public AccessAuthor Manuscript Psychotherapy (Chic). Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 September 1. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript pathology to a focus on symptom reduction. For these briefer treatments, however, there is so far no substantial evidence for their capacity to reduce character pathology.A comprehensive meta-analysis of 25 clinical trials with patients with PD (Leichsenring & Leibing, 2003) indicated that most studies had focused on symptomatic measures such as the Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90, Derogatis, 1997), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, Beck & Steer, 1988), and Global Adjustment Scale (GAS, First, Spitzer, & Gibbon, 1997). Few of these studies included measures assessing core PD pathology. For example, interpersonal problems, often considered a major aspect of PD pathology, were assessed in only two psychodynamic studies (Bateman & Fonagy, 2001Muran, Safran, Samstag, & Winston, 2005). Furthermore, measures theoretically relevant to the goals of psychodynamic psychotherapy (e.g., reflective functioning and levels or forms of attachment) have surprisingly rarely been used (for an exception see Levy et al., 2006).Improving maladaptive personality functioning is of considerable importance for patients with PD. Crits-Christoph and Barbe...

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Duration and outcome in psychotherapy: An integrative review.

Cited by 94 publications

References 66 publications

A Meta-analysis of Wilderness Therapy Outcomes for Private Pay Clients

A Meta-analysis of Wilderness Therapy Outcomes for Private Pay Clients

Outpatient mental health care, self‐help groups, and patients' one‐year treatment outcomes

Do personality problems improve during psychodynamic supportive–expressive psychotherapy? Secondary outcome results from a randomized controlled trial for psychiatric outpatients with personality disorders.

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