Dural arteriovenous fistulas as a cause of intracranial hypertension due to impairment of cranial venous outflow

Cognard, Christophe; Casasco, A.; Toevi, M; Houdart, Emmanuel; Chiras, J.; Merland, J. J.

doi:10.1136/jnnp.65.3.308

Cited by 185 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This phenomenon was already described by Lasjaunias et al 2 and further elaborated by others. [23][24][25] As described by Cognard et al, all patients with a dementia syndrome in this series demonstrated retrograde flow in the draining sinus (Cognard type II), causing the venous hypertensive state. 23 It resulted in death or severe disability in all 4 cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Clinical Course of Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas With Long-Term Persistent Cortical Venous Reflux

Dijk

terBrugge

Willinsky

et al. 2002

Stroke

565

312

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Background and Purpose — The natural history of aggressive (Borden 2 and 3) cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) is not well described. Reported annual mortality and hemorrhage rates vary widely and range up to 20% per year. A consecutive single-center cohort of 236 cases that presented with a cranial DAVF between June 1984 and May 2001 was reviewed for the consequences of long-term persistent cortical venous reflux (CVR). Methods — A group of 118 cranial DAVFs was selected for the presence of CVR. All patients were offered treatment aimed at the disconnection of the CVR. Patients who declined or had partial treatment with persistence of the CVR had long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up to study the disease course of this select group. Results — Treatment was instituted in 101 of the 118 patients (85.6%). Three patients were lost to follow-up. The remaining 14 nontreated patients (11.9%) and the partially treated patients (n=6) were assessed clinically and angiographically over time. The mean follow-up in this select group was 4.3 years (86.9 patient-years). During follow-up, 7 patients suffered an intracranial hemorrhage (35%). The incidence of nonhemorrhagic neurological deficit was 30%. Nine patients (45%) died: 6 patients expired after a hemorrhage, and 3 patients died of progressive neurological deterioration. Two patients demonstrated a spontaneous closure of the DAVF (10%). Conclusions — Persistence of the CVR in cranial DAVFs yields an annual mortality rate of 10.4%. Excluding events at presentation, in this series the annual risk for hemorrhage or nonhemorrhagic neurological deficit during follow-up was 8.1% and 6.9%, respectively, resulting in an annual event rate of 15.0%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Clinical Course of Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas With Long-Term Persistent Cortical Venous Reflux

Dijk

terBrugge

Willinsky

et al. 2002

Stroke

565

312

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“…10) The pathogenesis of dural AVF remains controversial, 5,17) but may involve abnormal embryonic development of the vasa vasorum of the sinus or congenital anomalies of the dural vessels. 11) On the other hand, acquired dural AVFs are widely reported to grow secondary to sinus thrombosis, 2,12) trauma (including iatrogenic), 18,19) tumor resection, 9,13,20) infection, 3) and other causes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Associated With the Development of Sphenoidal Ridge Meningioma -Case Report-

Inoue

Nishimura

Hayashi

et al. 2007

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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A 76-year-old man presented with a cavernous sinus (CS) dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) associated with the development of a meningioma without venous sinus occlusion. Initial digital subtraction angiography did not reveal the CS dural AVF, which appeared simultaneously with the enlargement of the meningioma and lead to right oculomotor nerve paresis. In this case, the development of meningioma possibly increased the vascular tumor bed and affected the venous hemodynamic return, thus leading to the dural AVF.

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“…22,23,27,32,34,35,39 In severe cases, clinical signs or symptoms of increased intracranial pressure may be present. 9 The mode of presentation is also intrinsically linked to DAVF location. 1,6,10,34 Anterior fossa lesions are fed by ethmoidal arteries and frequently drain into the cavernous sinus.…”

Section: Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: modification of angiographic classification scales based on new natural history data

Zipfel

Shah²,

Refai³

et al. 2009

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179

122

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This article presents a modification to the existing classification scales of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas based on newly published research regarding the relationship of clinical symptoms and outcome. The 2 commonly used scales, the Borden-Shucart and Cognard scales, rely entirely on angiographic features for categorization. The most critical anatomical feature is the identification of cortical venous drainage (CVD; Borden-Shucart Types II and III and Cognard Types IIb, IIa + b, III, IV, and V), as this feature identifies lesions at high risk for future hemorrhage or ischemic neurological injury. Yet recent data has emerged indicating that within these high-risk groups, most of the risk for future injury is in the subgroup presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage or nonhemorrhagic neurological deficits. The authors have defined this subgroup as symptomatic CVD. Patients who present incidentally or with symptoms of pulsatile tinnitus or ophthalmological phenomena have a less aggressive clinical course. The authors have defined this subgroup as asymptomatic CVD. Based on recent data the annual rate of intracerebral hemorrhage is 7.4–7.6% for patients with symptomatic CVD compared with 1.4–1.5% for those with asymptomatic CVD. The addition of asymptomatic CVD or symptomatic CVD as modifiers to the Borden-Shucart and Cognard systems improves their accuracy for risk stratification of patients with high-grade dural arteriovenous fistulas.

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Dural arteriovenous fistulas as a cause of intracranial hypertension due to impairment of cranial venous outflow

Cited by 185 publications

References 31 publications

Clinical Course of Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas With Long-Term Persistent Cortical Venous Reflux

Clinical Course of Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas With Long-Term Persistent Cortical Venous Reflux

Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Associated With the Development of Sphenoidal Ridge Meningioma -Case Report-

Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: modification of angiographic classification scales based on new natural history data

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