Durable flame-retardant finished cotton fabrics characterized by thermal degradation behaviors

Abstract

After a series of investigations on the durable flame-retardant finishes, it was thought to be important to study these durable flame-retardant finished materials from the thermal analytical standpoint. Accordingly, cotton fabric was finished with N-methylol dialkyl phosphonopropionamide (Pyrovatex C) by thermofixation and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) precondensate by ammonia cure (Proban), as well as with THPS monomer by heat cure under various conditions, and subjected to the thermogravimetry (TG) to observe thermal degradation behaviors and obtain apparent activation energy (E a ). TG curves of Proban-finished samples showed the largest shift to lower temperatures with a steep slope; thermofixed THPS-finished sample gave a smaller shift with similar steep slope, whereas Pyrovatex-finished samples exhibited a similar shift but with a gradual slope. E a versus residual ratio curves led us to conclude that CON bond-rich Proban polymer requires the highest E a and decomposes with considerable rapidity, whereas ethylene-bond-rich Pyrovatexfinished samples with melamine crosslinking decompose gradually with the lowest E a . As for the relationship between flame retardance and E a distribution in the process of thermal degradation, typical differences among the above three kinds of finished samples were found, which are compared and discussed.

Phosphorous-Nitrogen Modification of Epoxy Grafted Poly-Acrylic Resin: Synergistic Flame Retardment Effect

“…Figure 13 shows the correspondence and variation tendency of the residue rates of formulas D, E and F and their decomposition activation energy. The decomposition activation energy was calculated at 80 wt%, 70 wt%, 60 wt%, 50 wt% and 40 wt%, respectively, so as to obtain the change in the decomposition activation energy of HPN-EPPA-UR-PA resin within the thermal decomposition process [ 19 ].…”

Soybean Fibre: A Novel Fibre in the Textile Industry

“…values with increasing concentrations of Pyrovatex CP. Similar to soybean, little benefit was observed in terms of flame retardancy for cotton fabrics treated with Pyrovatex CP alone (Nakanishi et al, 1999) suggesting that additives were required. Tesoro et al (1969) have demonstrated the synergistic effect of nitrogen on phosphorus compounds, resulting in enhanced flame retardancy, with the application of a melamine formaldehyde compound in a phosphonate flame-retardant finishing.…”

A Review on Fire Protective Functional Finishing of Natural Fibre Based Textiles: Present Perspective

“…Photochemical grafting of 4-vinyl pyridine onto cotton fabric for imparting flame retarding properties has been reported [91]. Nakanishi et al [92,93] studied thermal degradation of cotton as well as flame retarded cotton and revealed that flame retardant cotton samples show extremely reduced amount and fewer numbers of gas products compared with untreated samples. Rearick et al [94] have studied the flammability considerations for raised-surface apparel.…”