Durable and robust transparent superhydrophobic glass surfaces fabricated by a femtosecond laser with exceptional water repellency and thermostability

Abstract

Self-cleaning transparent glass surfaces with periodic micro–nano structures fabricated by a femtosecond laser exhibit exceptional water repellency and thermostability.

Femtosecond Laser Micro/Nano-manufacturing: Theories, Measurements, Methods, and Applications

“…The CA of water droplets on the prepared surface reached 154°, and the transmittance of visible light was 77%. Zhong et al [88] used ultra-fast laser direct-writing-dispersed micropit array to fabricate the surface of silica glass. Adequate untreated areas ensure high transparency, and microdent arrays provide superhydrophobic roughness to the entire surface.…”

“…30 Sketch map of three different ways of femtosecond laser treatment of glass surface: a identical pulse energy, b gradient-decreasing pulse energy, and c gradient-increasing pulse energy and morphology of glass surface after treatment [88] Fig. 31 Microstructure of glass surface after different types of laser treatment: multiple steps of pulse laser treatment with a, d, and g identical pulse energy, b, e, and h gradient-decreasing pulse energy, and c, f, and i gradient-increasing pulse energy [88] 1 3 studied the effect of different micro/nanostructures about the adhesion of droplets on copper surface. By adjusting the laser scanning speed under certain parameters, the depth of periodic surface microstructures and the richness of nanostructures can be controlled accurately to realize continuous adjustment of surface adhesion force.…”

The Fabrication of Micro/Nano Structures by Laser Machining

“…Super-hydrophobic self-cleaning glass surfaces with good transparency and robustness were used in a variety of applications, such as in automotive windshields, windows, anti-fouling mirrors, safety glass, and solar panels. In 2018, Y. Lin B et al presented a new ultrafast laser machining method for the preparation of sturdy superhydrophobic and transparent silica glass surfaces with excellent properties and chemical surface modification and the diameter of the micro-pits was 20 µm and the interval of the periodic array was 30 µm [249]. Table 6 shows some experimental papers for the preparation of 3D micro/nano structures on silica.…”

Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Progress and Recent Advances of Its Functional Application

“…刻蚀修饰法是最简单的实现人工超疏水表面 的方法, 该方法通过化学湿法刻蚀 [35][36][37][38][39] 、激光刻 蚀 [40][41][42][43][44] 、机械加工处理 [45][46] [47][48] 制备超疏水涂 层, 金属试样通过阳极氧化过程构建微米/纳米级粗 糙结构, 然后采用低表能物质对其进行超疏水修饰, 最终在金属表面制得超疏水膜, 该方法获得的超疏 水涂层通常较薄且机械耐久性较差。随着研究的不 断深入, 研究者采用电镀、电化学沉积的方式 [49][50][51][52][53][54] 制备多层叠加的超疏水涂层, 该涂层有利于实现超 疏水在腐蚀防护领域的工程应用。随着电化学沉 积法的进一步发展, 研究者采用电化学纳米共沉积 法 [55] 制备超疏水涂层, 采用电化学等离子处理结合 电化学沉积法 [56] 提升超疏水涂层的机械耐久性, 以 及采用水热法结合电化学沉积法 [57][58] [59][60][61] , 为了实现大规模化、工艺简单、低成 本、可操作性强的超疏水涂层, 基于溶胶-凝胶法的 浸涂或刷涂的方式 [62][63][64][65] 受到研究者广泛的关注, 为 了进一步提高涂层与基体的结合力, 喷涂固化的方 式 [66][67][68][69][70] 得到更为广泛的应用。…”