Durability of tuffeau stone in buildings

Dessandier, David; Bromblet, Philippe; Mertz, Jean‐Didier

doi:10.1016/b978-044450517-0/50087-8

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…According to Cassar (2002), clastic minerals contribute to the occlusion of the pore space. Dessandier et al (2000) concluded that high contents of clastic minerals promote poorer cementation and lower durability. Kamh (2007) refers to the negative impact of silica sand grains and illite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Limestone Petrographic Features to Salt Weathering: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

et al. 2013

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Salt weathering is a major erosive process affecting porous materials in buildings. There have been attempts to relate erosive mass loss to physical characteristics of materials, but in the case of natural stone it is necessary to consider the effect of petrographic features that are a source of heterogeneity. In this paper, we use scanning electron microscopy before and after salt weathering tests in cubic specimens of three limestone types (two grainstones and a travertine) in an attempt to built conceptual models that relate petrographic features and salt weathering susceptibility (represented by mass loss). In the grainstones, the most relevant feature in controlling salt weathering processes is the interface between micrite aggregates and sparry cement that constitute weakness surfaces and barriers to fluid migration. Given the small size of the heterogeneities in relation to the test sample dimension and their spatial distribution, the macroscopic erosive patterns are globally homogeneously distributed, affecting edges and corners. In the travertine specimens, there are macroheterogeneities related to the presence of detritic-rich portions that cause heterogeneous erosive patterns in the specimens. Petrological modeling helps to understand results of salt weathering tests, supporting field studies for natural stone selection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Limestone Petrographic Features to Salt Weathering: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

et al. 2013

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Color thresholds for aesthetically compatible replacement of stones on monuments

Concha-Lozano

Lafon

Sabiri

et al. 2012

Color Research & Application

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A visual test was conducted to find color ranges in which a replacement stone is aesthetically compatible. This study describes a color calibrated image chain processing, from acquisition to display, that was used to simulate stone replacements on a realistic image of monument. Then, a visual test protocol was designed to locate color thresholds that separate a perceptible from an imperceptible replaced stone. A case study has been performed on the Aigues‐Mortes medieval city walls (South of France): Fifteen naive observers rated 2160 proposals of simulated stone replacements. The observer's answers (acceptance or rejection) were used to compute color thresholds along three colorimetric axes in a physiological and device‐independent color space (LMS). The results show that color thresholds are not centered on the mean color of the monument. Furthermore, lighter colors are not accepted, though these appear in the original wall. These color thresholds constitute a set of quantitative criteria for aesthetically compatible stones. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 38, 356–363, 2013

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An experimental investigation into the salt-weathering susceptibility of building limestones

Scrivano

Gaggero

2020

Rock Mech Rock Eng

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Dimension and ornamental stones used for built heritage are frequently affected, under all climates, by intense weathering induced by the transport of saline solutions. Accordingly, researchers addressed the weathering mechanisms induced by salts (primarily Na2SO4), the stresses generated in the host material, and the durability of ornamental and dimension stones. This study investigates the behaviour of four sedimentary lithotypes, differing in texture and structure (Breccia Aurora, Rosso Verona, and fine- and coarse-grained Vicenza Stone) exposed to a selection of saline solutions, aiming at evaluating their susceptibility to weathering and the influence of petrographic features on durability. The chosen Na2SO4, MgSO4, Na2CO3, NaCl, and KNO3 solutions include the anions characterizing the major saline sources affecting built heritage: capillary rise, acid rain, atmospheric particulate deposition, bird or other animal scat, and de-icing salt contamination. The petrophysical properties of unweathered and salt-weathered samples were characterized by relative mass variation estimation, capillary rise, and hygroscopic absorption-based porosimetry. Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with microprobe allowed studying the morphological changes triggered by weathering and analysing the chemical composition of the efflorescence crust. The whole of data, consistently with literature, allowed inferring pore type and distribution as the main intrinsic parameters controlling salt weathering susceptibility. Moreover, Na2SO4 and Na2CO3 proved to be the most harmful, probably due to their ability to crystallize in different hydration stages at room temperature. The comparative analysis of the induced weathering can help to choose suitable dimension stones for new buildings or restoration replacements.

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Durability of tuffeau stone in buildings

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Susceptibility of Limestone Petrographic Features to Salt Weathering: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

Susceptibility of Limestone Petrographic Features to Salt Weathering: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

Color thresholds for aesthetically compatible replacement of stones on monuments

An experimental investigation into the salt-weathering susceptibility of building limestones

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