Durability of humoral and cell‐mediated immune response after SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine administration

Mihaylova, Anastasiya; Lesichkova, Spaska; Baleva, M; Nikolova-Vlahova, Milena; Kundurzhiev, Todor; Kolevski, Alexander; Naumova, Elissaveta

doi:10.1002/jmv.28360

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…The time elapsed since the last vaccine dose or the infection was inversely associated with a low cellular immune response and agrees with several studies in SARS-CoV-2 patients [44,45] and cohorts of healthcare workers in Italy [36] and Bulgaria [87]. Alcohol consumption was associated with the CD8+ T cell response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case–Control Study

Domènech-Montoliu,

Puig-Barberà,

Pac-Sa

et al. 2024

Epidemiologia

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Our goal was to determine the cellular immune response (CIR) in a sample of the Borriana COVID-19 cohort (Spain) to identify associated factors and their relationship with infection, reinfection and sequelae. We conducted a nested case–control study using a randomly selected sample of 225 individuals aged 18 and older, including 36 individuals naïve to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and 189 infected patients. We employed flow-cytometry–based immunoassays for intracellular cytokine staining, using Wuhan and BA.2 antigens, and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Logistic regression models were applied. A total of 215 (95.6%) participants exhibited T-cell response (TCR) to at least one antigen. Positive responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were 89.8% and 85.3%, respectively. No difference in CIR was found between naïve and infected patients. Patients who experienced sequelae exhibited a higher CIR than those without. A positive correlation was observed between TCR and anti-spike IgG levels. Factors positively associated with the TCR included blood group A, number of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses received, and anti-N IgM; factors inversely related were the time elapsed since the last vaccine dose or infection, and blood group B. These findings contribute valuable insights into the nuanced immune landscape shaped by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case–Control Study

Domènech-Montoliu,

Puig-Barberà,

Pac-Sa

et al. 2024

Epidemiologia

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“…Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is an effective method to interrupt transmission ( 8 , 9 ), the effectiveness of the vaccine decreases over time ( 10 , 11 ). The inhibition rate of nCoV NTAb in healthy individuals administered with two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines within 6-9 months was 78.0% and had decreased by 17.7% compared to 1-3 months after the vaccination ( 12 ). The positive rate of nCoV NTAb was 77.9% on day 56 after two doses of inactivated vaccines, which decreased to 13.2% on day 210.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease

Ruixin

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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AimThe present study aimed to evaluate the durability of immune response after basic and booster immunization with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).MethodsPatients with CLD and complete basic or booster immunization with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were included in this study. Based on the vaccination situation, they were divided into the basic immunity group (Basic) and the booster immunity group (Booster), which were then subdivided into four groups according to the time interval from completion of basic immunization or booster immunization to serological specimen collection. The positive rates and antibody titers of novel coronavirus neutralizing antibody (nCoV NTAb) and novel coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain antibody (nCoV S-RBD) were analyzed.ResultsA total of 313 patients with CLD were enrolled in this study, including 201 in Basic and 112 in Booster. The positive rates of nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD within 30 days of completing basic immunization were 80.4% and 84.8%, respectively, but decreased rapidly with the extension of vaccination time, and only 29% and 48.4% of patients with CLD remained positive for nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD, respectively, after 120 days of completing basic immunization. Within 30 days of booster immunization, the positive rates of nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD in patients with CLD rapidly increased from 29.0% and 48.4% at the end of basic immunization to 95.2% and 90.5%, and maintained a high level (defined as the positive rate >50%) until 120 days when the positive rates of nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD were still high at 79.5% and 87.2%, respectively. After basic immunization, the time for nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD to turn negative was 120 and 169 days, respectively, and the negative time of nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD was significantly prolonged to 266 days and 329 days, respectively.ConclusionIt is safe and effective for patients with CLD to complete basic and booster immunization with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. After booster immunization, the immune response of patients with CLD was further improved and the durability of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody was significantly prolonged.

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“…52 We found the half-life of saliva anti-SCV2 spike IgG to be 92.7 days after 2 doses of vaccine and 159.5 days after a 3 rd vaccine dose, analyzed through 9 months. Although reported half-lives in binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies vary in the literature, the consensus is that a 3 rd dose does extend the durability of anti-SCV2 spike IgG in serum, 31,53–55 which is also reflected in our saliva anti-SCV2 spike IgG data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Subclinical SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Endemic Human Coronavirus Immunity Shape SARS-CoV-2 Saliva Antibody Responses

Conner,

Goguet,

Haines-Hull

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study characterized antibody responses induced by COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in saliva. Utilizing multiplex microsphere-based immunoassays, we measured saliva anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA in 1,224 saliva samples collected from healthcare workers in the Prospective Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion study between August of 2020 through December of 2022. By spring of 2022, most individuals had detectable spike-specific antibodies in saliva. Longitudinal measurements of saliva anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG revealed that most spike-specific IgA and secretory IgA detected in saliva was driven by subclinical and clinically-evident infections, rather than by vaccination alone. In contrast, saliva anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG was strongly induced by vaccination and exhibited improved durability with hybrid immunity. Baseline levels of saliva antibodies to the endemic human coronaviruses positively correlated with post-vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels. This study provides insights for development of vaccines that generate mucosal antibodies to respiratory pathogens.

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Durability of humoral and cell‐mediated immune response after SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine administration

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case–Control Study

Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case–Control Study

Durability of immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease

Subclinical SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Endemic Human Coronavirus Immunity Shape SARS-CoV-2 Saliva Antibody Responses

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