Durability of fire retardant treated wood products at humid and exterior conditions review of literature

Östman, Birgit; Voss, A.; Hughes, Andrew; Hovde, Per Jostein; Grexa, Ondrej

doi:10.1002/fam.758

Cited by 86 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Wood materials could be impregnated with inorganic salts to improve their flame retarding properties [1][2][3]. After diffusion into the material they must be transformed into water-insoluble compounds to prevent the salt-washing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammability studies of sodium thiosulphate or metabisulphite impregnated wood using cone calorimeter

Simkovic¹,

Martvoňová²,

Maníková³

et al. 2006

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARYSpruce wood boards impregnated with Na 2 S 2 O 3 or Na 2 S 2 O 5 were studied with the cone calorimeter. The presence of Na 2 S 2 O 3 lowered the average heat release rate in comparison to untreated material. The total amounts of CO and CO 2 production were reduced by the treatment and also the specific extinction area and mass loss rate decreased. Washing of the salt from the material with water caused partial loss of the properties. Addition of the second impregnation step using acids (HCOOH, H 3 BO 3 or H 3 PO 4 ) resulted in the fixation of the sulphur in wood, but gave not the results of single-step modification for thiosulphate. With Na 2 S 2 O 5 and without acid, the CO and time-to-ignition values were higher and average heat release rate smaller in comparison to unmodified material. Combined one step Na 2 S 2 O 5 /H 3 BO 3 treatment lowered the CO, CO 2 and specific extinction area values in comparison to the modification with Na 2 S 2 O 5 , similarly like it was observed for Na 2 S 2 O 3 /H 3 BO 3 two-step-treatment. According to time-to-ignition values, Na 2 S 2 O 5 alone at 5% addition is a better flame retardant than Na 2 S 2 O 3 at 7%, but the effect is diminished at 10% amount or presence of acids. The total smoke release curves showed decrease due to modification in both phases of the process. Introduction of water washing as well as the acid treatment further lowered the values. The best results were achieved with 15% Na 2 S 2 O 3 -2% H 3 PO 4 -H 2 O system. According to the total smoke release curve the specimen produced more than five times smaller amount of smoke than untreated material in the first phase of the process. It seams that the concentration of Na 2 S 2 O 5 is less affecting the properties than the synergistic effect of the Na 2 S 2 O 3 or Na 2 S 2 O 5 /H 3 BO 3 system. Although the level of smoke is low, the presence of elemental sulphur causes smaller times-to-ignition than on starting material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammability studies of sodium thiosulphate or metabisulphite impregnated wood using cone calorimeter

Simkovic¹,

Martvoňová²,

Maníková³

et al. 2006

Fire and Materials

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“…Previous works have reported that wood and wood-based panels treated with inorganic salts, such as boron compounds or phosphates, increase their hygroscopicity, particularly at high RHs (Dundar et al 2009;Candan et al 2011). Increases in the MC between 2% and 16% at a high RH have been reported for wood-based panels in several studies (Holmes 1977;Östman et al 2001;Dundar et al 2009;Candan et al 2011). The increase of water adsorption could be attributed to the new adsorption sites that were formed by the treatment.…”

Section: Moisture Content Changes Of the Sandwich Panelsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effects of Fire-retardant Treatment and Burl Wood Structure on Three-dimensional Changes of Sandwich Panels Made from Walnut Decorative Veneer

2017

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The effects of a fire-retardant treatment and burl wood structure on the three-dimensional changes of aircraft sandwich panels were evaluated. Unvarnished and varnished panels with an outer decorative layer made from walnut burl (Juglans hindsii L.) were studied. Half of the samples from each type of panel received a fire-retardant treatment (phosphate-based) on all three layers of the decorative plywood. The other half had the two inner layers treated and the outer layer was left untreated. Three different wood areas formed by rotary peeling and by the grain orientation from the burl structure were identified and their veneer surfaces were separately studied. Samples pre-conditioned at 20 °C and 40% relative humidity (RH) underwent adsorption (25 °C, 90% RH) and then desorption (25 °C, 40% RH) treatments. Changes in the moisture content (MC), swelling, shrinkage, roughness, and waviness were measured after each moisture exposure condition. The results showed that the fire-retardant treatment significantly increased the MC, swelling, shrinkage, roughness, and waviness of the unvarnished and varnished panels. This treatment also affected the roughness and waviness of the burl wood structure for the unvarnished panels. The effect of this anatomical feature was not noticeable in the varnished panels.

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“…A US study on exterior exposure of North American products during ten years [1] and a literature review [2] have been published.…”

Section: Durability Classes For Fire Performance -Principles and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of the reaction to fire performance for fire retardant treated (FRT) wood products in exterior applications – a ten years report

Östman¹,

Tsantaridis²

2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Several long term experimental studies on the maintained reaction to fire performance of fire retardant treated (FRT) wood products over time are presented. They are performed according to a European system based on earlier Nordic and North American systems and include accelerated ageing according to different procedures and natural weathering up to ten years. Main conclusions are:− The hygroscopic properties are unchanged compared to untreated wood for most FRT wood products used commercially. − The reaction to fire properties of FRT wood may be maintained after accelerated and natural ageing if the retention levels are high enough, but several FRT wood products loose most of their improved reaction to fire properties during weathering. − Paint systems contribute considerably to maintain of the fire performance at exterior application and are usually needed to maintain the fire performance after weathering.

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Durability of fire retardant treated wood products at humid and exterior conditions review of literature

Cited by 86 publications

References 9 publications

Flammability studies of sodium thiosulphate or metabisulphite impregnated wood using cone calorimeter

Flammability studies of sodium thiosulphate or metabisulphite impregnated wood using cone calorimeter

Effects of Fire-retardant Treatment and Burl Wood Structure on Three-dimensional Changes of Sandwich Panels Made from Walnut Decorative Veneer

Durability of the reaction to fire performance for fire retardant treated (FRT) wood products in exterior applications – a ten years report

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