Durability of bricks used in the conservation of historic buildings — influence of composition and microstructure

Elert, Kerstin; Cultrone, Giuseppe; Navarro, C.; Pardo, Eduardo Sebastián

doi:10.1016/s1296-2074(03)00020-7

Cited by 152 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Depending on the raw material used, the method of forming and firing, ceramic bricks can have highly varied properties (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Ceramic bricks belong to a group of capillary-porous materials, which are characterized by open porosity from a few to several dozen percent (11,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of water saturation on mechanical properties of ceramic bricks – tests on 19th- century and contemporary bricks

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT:The paper presents test results concerning ceramic bricks produced in 1880's. Bricks were obtained from a building erected as part of Archduke Rudolf barracks in Krakow. The tests helped to specify changes in brick compressive strength and hardness, caused by water saturation in the ceramic material. For comparison purposes, tests were also carried out on contemporary bricks. Tests showed that mechanical properties of the ceramic bricks in the water saturation state were worse than in the dry state. The impact of strong brick moisture on changes of mechanical parameters is essential in terms of safety assessment for brick structures. RESUMEN: El impacto sobre las propiedades mecánicas de la saturación de agua de los ladrillos cerámicos contemporáneos y del siglo XIX.En el artículo se presentan los resultados del estudio de los ladrillos cerámicos producidos en los años 80 del siglo XIX. Los ladrillos se obtuvieron del edificio que forma parte de un conjunto de cuarteles del archiduque Rudolfo en Cracovia en Polonia. En los estudios se han determinado los cambios de la resistencia a la compresión y la dureza de los ladrillos, por efecto de la saturación de agua del material cerámico. A efectos comparativos, se han realizado también estudios de ladrillos producidos en la actualidad. Se ha comprobado que la saturación de agua de los ladrillos cerámicos lleva consigo una considerable disminución de las propiedades mecánicas. Por lo tanto, el impacto de la alta humedad de los ladrillos sobre el cambio de las propiedades mecánicas constituye un factor significativo en la evaluación de la seguridad en las construcciones de ladrillo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of water saturation on mechanical properties of ceramic bricks – tests on 19th- century and contemporary bricks

et al. 2016

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“…Este tipo de investigación es de suma importancia en los procesos de conservación porque los edificios históricos deberían ser restaurados utilizando materiales con propiedades similares a los originales. Si se utilizaran materiales diferentes de los originales se podría comprometer la durabilidad del monumento (1)(2)(3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estudio arqueométrico y evaluación del deterioro de los materiales cerámicos de la fachada de la iglesia de Santa Maria del Carmine (Pavía, Italia)

Setti¹,

Lanfranchi²,

Cultrone³

et al. 2011

Mater. construcc.

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RESUMENSe ha llevado a cabo un estudio arqueométrico de los materiales cerámicos de la fachada de la iglesia de Santa Maria del Carmine en Pavía (Italia). Se han obtenido valiosas informaciones sobre las temperaturas de cocción, la procedencia de las materias primas arcillosas y el tipo de hornos utilizados. Mineralógicamente, las cerámi-cas utilizadas en la iglesia son ricas en cuarzo, feldespato y filosilicatos y en algunas muestras se han detectado silicatos de calcio de neoformación. Las observaciones microtexturales han revelado la presencia de incipientes bordes de reacción, la sinterización de los filosilicatos y la parcial vitrificación de la matriz. Las cerámicas poseen una porosidad elevada (del 32 al 45%) y radio de poros comprendido entre 0,4 y 1,3 mm. El estudio de los diferentes tipos de deterioro muestreados en la fachada de la iglesia (pátinas verdes y negras y eflorescencias) ha revelado la presencia de yeso, whewellita, thenardita e moolooita.Palabras clave: cerámica, petrografía, distribución de tamaño de poro, deterioro. SUMMARYWe performed an archaeometric study of the ceramic materials from the façade of the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Pavia (Italy). We obtained useful information about the firing temperatures, the provenance of raw materials and the type of oven used. The ceramics used in the façade are mineralogically rich in quartz, feldspar and phyllosilicates, and newly formed calcium silicate phases were detected in some samples. Microtextural observations revealed the presence of incipient reaction rims, phyllosilicate sintering and partial vitrification of the matrix. Ceramics show high porosity (32 to 45%) and pore sizes of between 0.4 and 1.3 µm. Our study of the different types of decay collected on the façade of the church (green and black patinas and efflorescences) revealed the presence of gypsum, whewellite, thenardite and moolooite.

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“…Porosity is the property of burnt clay bricks, which is related to the durability [21]. Apparent porosity results of burnt clay bricks incorporating RHA and SBA are shown in figure 10.…”

Section: Apparent Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay bricks prepared with sugarcane bagasse and rice husk ash – A sustainable solution

2017

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This study aims to characterize the clay bricks produced by the addition of the two agricultural waste materials i.e. sugarcane bagasse and rice husk ash. Disposing off these waste materials is a very challenging task and is a hazard to environment. The sugarcane bagasse and rice husk ash were collected locally from the cities of Peshawar and Wazirabad, respectively. These were mixed with the clay for brick manufacturing in three different proportions i.e. 5, 10 and 15% by weight of clay. Mechanical i.e. compressive strength and modulus of rupture and durability properties i.e. water absorption; freeze-thaw and sulphate resistance of these bricks were evaluated. Test results indicated that the sulphate attack resistance and efflorescence of clay bricks incorporating sugarcane bagasse and rice husk ash have been increased significantly. However, no significant effect on mechanical properties was observed. Furthermore, the additions of wastes have reduced the unit weight of bricks which decrease the overall weight of the structure leading to economical construction. Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of waste materials in brick manufacturing can minimize the environmental burden leading towards more economical and sustainable construction.

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Durability of bricks used in the conservation of historic buildings — influence of composition and microstructure

Cited by 152 publications

References 8 publications

The influence of water saturation on mechanical properties of ceramic bricks – tests on 19th- century and contemporary bricks

The influence of water saturation on mechanical properties of ceramic bricks – tests on 19th- century and contemporary bricks

Estudio arqueométrico y evaluación del deterioro de los materiales cerámicos de la fachada de la iglesia de Santa Maria del Carmine (Pavía, Italia)

Clay bricks prepared with sugarcane bagasse and rice husk ash – A sustainable solution

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