Durability of antibody response to vaccination and surrogate neutralization of emerging variants based on SARS-CoV-2 exposure history

McDade, Thomas W.; Demonbreun, Alexis R.; Sancilio, Amelia; Mustanski, Brian; D’Aquila, Richard T.; McNally, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96879-3

Cited by 32 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the meantime, numerous cellular and acellular surrogate neutralization assays have been introduced and evaluated . Such evaluations of both neutralizing and overall anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies comprised both natural infections and post-vaccination states [46][47][48][49][50]. Next to neutralizing potency, antibody avidity was included in the long-term assessments as well [51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Neutralization Assays by TECOmedical and DiaPROPH-Med with Samples from Vaccinated and Infected Individuals

Münsterkötter

Hollstein

Hahn³

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific serological responses are a topic of ongoing evaluation studies. In the study presented here, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 surrogate neutralization assays by TECOmedical and DiaPROPH -Med were assessed in a head-to-head comparison with serum samples of individuals after vaccination as well as after previous infection with SARS-CoV-2. In case of discordant results, a cell culture-based neutralization assay was applied as a reference standard. The TECOmedical assay showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 61.3%, respectively, the DiaPROPH-Med assay 95.0% and 48.4%, respectively. As a side finding of the study, differences in the likelihood of expressing neutralizing antibodies could be shown for different exposition types. So, 60 of 81 (74.07%) of the samples with only one vaccination showed an expression of neutralizing antibodies in contrast to 85.71% (60 of 70 samples) of the samples with two vaccinations and 100% (40 of 40) of the samples from previously infected individuals. In conclusion, the both assays showed results similar to previous assessments. While the measured diagnostic accuracy of both assays requires further technical improvement of this diagnostic approach, as the calculated specificity values of 61.3% and 48.4%, respectively, appear acceptable for diagnostic use only in populations with a high percentage of positive subjects, but not at expectedly low positivity rates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Neutralization Assays by TECOmedical and DiaPROPH-Med with Samples from Vaccinated and Infected Individuals

Münsterkötter

Hollstein

Hahn³

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…However, the second dose in recovered individuals may have other immunological effects (i.e., increasing the durability of response, enhancing T cell response, broadening of the antibody response). Indeed, recent studies suggest that vaccine boosting after natural infection and after initial vaccination in CN individuals leads to better neutralization capacity to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern [28,49,57]. Importantly, we hope to address issues of durability through continued monitoring of the current cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…While challenge studies conducted for seasonal coronaviruses demonstrate reasonably high levels of the baseline neutralizing antibody, protection from endemic coronavirus infection is short-lived [21][22][23]. Likewise, emerging data suggest a relatively rapid decline in SARS-CoV-2 antibodies postinfection [24][25][26][27][28]. Importantly, data from cell culture [13] and passive transfer of antibodies in non-human primates [29] indicate that circulating spike-specific antibodies provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in COVID-19-naïve and Experienced Individuals

Uprichard

O’Brien

Evdokimova

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Understanding the magnitude of responses to vaccination during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is essential for ultimate mitigation of the disease. Here, we describe a cohort of 102 subjects (70 COVID-19-naïve, 32 COVID-19-experienced) who received two doses of one of the mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna)). We document that a single exposure to antigen via infection or vaccination induces a variable antibody response which is affected by age, gender, race, and co-morbidities. In response to a second antigen dose, both COVID-19-naïve and experienced subjects exhibited elevated levels of anti-spike and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity; however, COVID-19-experienced individuals achieved higher antibody levels and neutralization activity as a group. The COVID-19-experienced subjects exhibited no significant increase in antibody or neutralization titer in response to the second vaccine dose (i.e., third antigen exposure). Finally, we found that COVID-19-naïve individuals who received the Moderna vaccine exhibited a more robust boost response to the second vaccine dose (p = 0.004) as compared to the response to Pfizer–BioNTech. Ongoing studies with this cohort will continue to contribute to our understanding of the range and durability of responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.

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“…In a SARS-CoV-2 virus naïve population, there are no univocal data on the effective duration of humoral immunity, which is, however, evanescent, and which in most studies vanishes after 4-6 months [68][69][70][71][72][73], even though in one study, vaccine-evoked antibodies were detectable after 6 months from vaccination at levels of up to 7% compared to their maximum peak [74]. The waning of S antibody levels, in infection-naive individuals, was already evident 3-10 weeks after a second dose of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 [74].…”

Section: Waning Of Spike Antibody Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines and Long-Lived Plasma Cells: A Complicated Relationship

Giannotta

2021

Vaccines

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mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have hegemonized the world market, and their administration to the population promises to stop the pandemic. However, the waning of the humoral immune response, which does not seem to last so many months after the completion of the vaccination program, has led us to study the molecular immunological mechanisms of waning immunity in the case of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. We consulted the published scientific literature and from the few articles we found, we were convinced that there is an immunological memory problem after vaccination. Although mRNA vaccines have been demonstrated to induce antigen-specific memory B cells (MBCs) in the human population, there is no evidence that these vaccines induce the production of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs), in a SARS-CoV-2 virus naïve population. This obstacle, in our point of view, is caused by the presence, in almost all subjects, of a cellular T and B cross-reactive memory produced during past exposures to the common cold coronaviruses. Due to this interference, it is difficult for a vaccination with the Spike protein alone, without adjuvants capable of prolonging the late phase of the generation of the immunological memory, to be able to determine the production of protective LLPCs. This would explain the possibility of previously and completely vaccinated subjects to become infected, already 4–6 months after the completion of the vaccination cycle.

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Durability of antibody response to vaccination and surrogate neutralization of emerging variants based on SARS-CoV-2 exposure history

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Comparison of the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Neutralization Assays by TECOmedical and DiaPROPH-Med with Samples from Vaccinated and Infected Individuals

Comparison of the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Neutralization Assays by TECOmedical and DiaPROPH-Med with Samples from Vaccinated and Infected Individuals

Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in COVID-19-naïve and Experienced Individuals

mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines and Long-Lived Plasma Cells: A Complicated Relationship

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