Duplication of the POMC Gene in the Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula): Analysis of γ-MSH, ACTH, and β-Endorphin Regions of Ray-Finned Fish POMC

Danielson, Phillip B.; Alrubaian, Jasem; Müller, M.; Redding, Joseph S.; Dores, Robert M.

doi:10.1006/gcen.1999.7353

Cited by 50 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In these species, polyploidization may facilitate flexibility and long-term evolution by gene expression alteration due mainly to epigenetic silencing and the return to diploidization. 15,16,[21][22][23] In MKs, polyploidization is related to the requirement of cell enlargement necessary to optimize platelet biogenesis. Therefore, it appears that polyploidization is a way to amplify the genome and thus to increase protein synthesis, facilitating cell growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelation between polyploidization and megakaryocyte differentiation: a gene profiling approach

Raslová

Kauffmann

Sekkaı̈

et al. 2006

Blood

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelation between polyploidization and megakaryocyte differentiation: a gene profiling approach

Raslová

Kauffmann

Sekkaı̈

et al. 2006

Blood

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“…Both malate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase appear in two paralog groups in higher teleosts, while the sturgeon Acipenser brevistorum has only a single known copy that branches outside the gene-duplication node [37,38]. A duplicated pro-opiomelanocortin gene in paddlefish and sturgeon seems to have arisen by a chondrostean-specific duplication [11], and hence is unrelated to the teleostean genome duplication. Unpublished data mentioned in [72] also suggest a duplication before the most recent common ancestor of euteleosts and after the most recent common ancestor of the sturgeons and teleosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The duplication of the Hox gene clusters in teleost fishes*1

Prohaska

Stadler

2004

Theory in Biosciences

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Higher teleost fishes, including zebrafish and fugu, have duplicated their Hox genes relative to the gene inventory of other gnathostome lineages. The most widely accepted theory contends that the duplicate Hox clusters orginated synchronously during a single genome duplication event in the early history of ray-finned fishes. In this contribution we collect and re-evaluate all publicly available sequence information. In particular, we show that the short Hox gene fragments from published PCR surveys of the killifish Fundulus heteroclitus, the medaka Oryzias latipes and the goldfish Carassius auratus can used to determine with little ambiguity not only their paralog group but also their membership in a particular cluster. Together with a survey of the genomic sequence data from the pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis we show that at least percomorpha, and possibly all eutelosts, share a system of seven orthologous Hox gene clusters, while at least the HoxC and HoxD clusters in ostariophysian (zebrafish) lineage might have arisen independently. There is little doubt about the orthology of the two teleost duplicates of the HoxA and HoxB clusters. A careful analysis of both the coding sequence of Hox genes and of conserved noncoding sequences provides additional support for the "duplication early" hypothesis that the Hox clusters in teleosts are derived by subsequent gene loss from an eight-cluster situation, although the data remain ambiguous in particular for the HoxC clusters. Assuming the "duplication early" hypothesis we use the new evidence on the Hox gene complements to determine the phylogenetic positions of gene-loss events in the wake of the cluster duplication. Surprisingly, we find that the resolution of redundancy seems to be a slow process that ist still-ongoing. A few suggestion on which additional sequence data would be most informative for resolving the history of the teleostean Hox genes are discussed.

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“…They have been suggested to have diverged from the lineage leading to mammals 564 Myr ago [16,17] and represent some of the key species whose genomes have not been sequenced. The MSH ligands are all derived from POMC, which has been intensively studied in lower vertebrates and it seems that the POMC gene has arisen early in chordate evolution [18]. Among the POMC genes that have been cloned, the two POMC genes from the agnathan lamprey are the ones most distantly related to mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional characterization of two melanocortin (MC) receptors in lamprey showing orthology to the MC1 and MC4 receptor subtypes

et al. 2007

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Abstract

Background

The melanocortin (MC) receptors have a key role in regulating body weight and pigmentation. They belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The purpose of this study was to identify ancestral MC receptors in agnathan, river lamprey.

Results

We report cloning of two MC receptors from river lamprey. The lamprey receptors, designated MCa and MCb, showed orthology to the MC1 and MC4 receptor subtypes, respectively. The molecular clock analysis suggested that lamprey MC receptor genes were not duplicated recently and diverged from each other more than 400 MYR ago. Expression and pharmacological characterization showed that the lamprey MCa receptor was able to bind and be activated by both lamprey and human MSH peptides. The lamprey MCa receptor had relatively high affinity for ACTH derived peptides similarly to the fish MC receptors. We found that both of the lamprey MC receptors were expressed in skin, while the MCb receptor was also found in liver, heart and skeletal muscle.

Conclusion

This study shows presence of MC receptors in agnathans indicating early signs of specific functions of melanocortin receptor subtypes.

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Duplication of the POMC Gene in the Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula): Analysis of γ-MSH, ACTH, and β-Endorphin Regions of Ray-Finned Fish POMC

Cited by 50 publications

References 25 publications

Interrelation between polyploidization and megakaryocyte differentiation: a gene profiling approach

Interrelation between polyploidization and megakaryocyte differentiation: a gene profiling approach

The duplication of the Hox gene clusters in teleost fishes*1

Functional characterization of two melanocortin (MC) receptors in lamprey showing orthology to the MC1 and MC4 receptor subtypes

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