Duodenal Ultrasonography in the Normal Adult Horse

Kirberger, Robert M.; Berg, J. S. van den; Gottschalk, R.D.; Guthrie, Alan John

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00212.x

Cited by 40 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The findings of present study were in agreement with previous reports (Kirkberger et al, 1995;Reef, 1998;Freeman, 2002;Colin et al, 2005;Hendrickson et al,. 2007 and Barton, 2011).…”

Section: Right Ventral Colon (Rvc) and Left Ventral Colon (Lvc)supporting

confidence: 83%

Ultrasonographic examination of caecum and colon of normal Adult Spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of India.

Farooq

Kumar

Chaudhary

2017

IJAR

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The objective of this study was to develop baseline topographical data of landmarks for locating and generating sonographic calliper measurements along with dynamic parameters of caecum and colon in 50 native adult healthy unsedated Spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of either sex. The wall thickness, contractility, character and echo-architecture of caecum and colon were recorded. Caecum was found from 15 th to 17 th inter costal space (ICS). Right dorsal colon (RDC), right ventral colon (RVC), left ventral colon (LVC) and left dorsal colon (LDC) were found from 6 th to 14 th , 9 th to 17 th , 9 th to 14 th and 6 th to 15 th ICS, respectively. Descending colon was found in the left paralumbar fossa upto tuber-coxae in both horses as well as mules. The corresponding values of horses and mules for wall thickness (in mm) was 2.1±0.05 and 1.4±0.05 for the caecum, 2.16±0.05 and 1.32±0.02 for the right dorsal colon, 2.1±0.03 and 1.32 ±0.02 for the right ventral colon, 2.12±0.03 and 1.32±0.02 for the left dorsal colon, 2.1±0.03 and 1.32±0.02 for the right dorsal colon and 2.04±0.02 for the descending colon. Prominent sacculations were observed on ventral colon and absent on dorsal colon. Detailed ultrasonographic examination of caecum and colon generated baseline data, which will be useful for management of the affections of caecum and colon.

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“…The findings of present study were in agreement with previous reports (Kirkberger et al, 1995;Reef, 1998;Freeman, 2002;Colin et al, 2005;Hendrickson et al,. 2007 and Barton, 2011).…”

Section: Right Ventral Colon (Rvc) and Left Ventral Colon (Lvc)supporting

confidence: 83%

Ultrasonographic examination of caecum and colon of normal Adult Spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of India.

Farooq

Kumar

Chaudhary

2017

IJAR

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“…The duodenal wall thickness was recorded as 2.0 in horses ( Figure-2.3[a, b]), however, in mules it varied from 1.8 to 2.0, whereas Barton, (2011) reported that wall thickness of the duodenum was less than 4mm. Our findings were almost similar to previous reports (Kirkberger et al 1995;Reef, 1998 andFreeman, 2002). However, these variations regarding ultrasonographic imaging of wall thickness in local horses and mules may be possibly attributed to body weight/ size, breed type, and/or hybrid (interspecies variation) nature of mules.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…A completely round duodenum with a centralized star shape was imaged during circular contraction phases and sonographic appearance was created by mucosal invaginations of the duodenum ( Figure-2.2[a, b]). This centralized star shape was also previously reported by (Kirkberger et al, 1995).The contents of the duodenum varied from a hyperechoic gas echo to hypoechoic or hyperechoic fluid, mucus or ingesta and sometimes a fluid pattern containing multiple echogenic specks. The frequency of contractions of the duodenum was recorded as 5-6 contractions/minute in fed animals, 2-3 contractions/minute when fasted for 12 hrs without holding drinking water and 0- 1 contraction/minute when animals were fasted for 24 hrs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Ultrasonographic examination of the stomach, duodenum and jejunum of normal adult spiti horses and Himalayan hill mules of India

Farooq

Kumar

Chaudhary

2017

IJAR

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The study was conducted on equids of high altitude to develop baseline topographical data of landmarks, sonographic calliper measurements and dynamic parameters of abdominal organs. Ultrasonography was performed on healthy adult spiti horses and Himalayan mules of either sex. The wall thickness, contractility, character and echo-architecture of these organs were recorded for standardization. The stomach was found between 8 th -15 th and 8 th -14 th Inter-Costal Space (ICS) with wall thickness of 4.92 ± 0.23 and 4.24 ± 0.06 mm in horses and mules, respectively. Ascending duodenum was found between 11 th -13 th and 10 th -13 th ICS with a wall thickness of 2.0 ± 0.00 and 1.96 ± 0.04 mm in horses and mules, respectively. Descending duodenum was found from 16 th and 15 th ICS to just caudal to the last rib in horses and mules, respectively. Jejunum was found from 12 th (±1) to 17 th ICS with wall thickness of 2.04 ± 0.04 and 2.02 ± 0.02 mm in horses and mules, respectively. Detailed ultrasonographic examination of these organs helped to compile baseline data, which will be useful in future in management of the affections of stomach, duodenum and jejunum.

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“…Apesar de ser um órgão fixo pelo ligamento gastroduodenal que situa-se adjacente a ele, a sua identificação não foi possível em todos os animais dessa pesquisa (15/20). Provavelmente, a sua posição anatômica e a pouca distensão intraluminal (KIRBERGER; VAN DEN BERG;GOTTSCHALK, 1995;BARTON, 2011) possam ter dificultado a sua visualização. A sua identificação se dá em pequenas porções e em cortes transversais (BARTON, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação do trato gastrintestinal de equinos pela ultrassonografia transabdominal: nova abordagem

Amaral

Froes

2014

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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ResumoO diagnóstico ultrassonográfico transabdominal tem sido reportado como uma ferramenta diagnóstica importante na análise de equinos com síndrome cólica. O conhecimento detalhado da topografia das principais áreas que proporcionam janelas ultrassonográficas de valor diagnóstico para alterações do trato gastrintestinal deve ser bem estabelecido. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever novas áreas de análise ultrassonográfica transabdominal da cavidade abdominal do equino, além de avaliar possíveis diferenças ultrassonográficas em animais de portes variáveis, inferindo sobre a aplicabilidade e as dificuldades da realização da técnica. Foram avaliados pela ultrassonografia transabdominal 20 cavalos, com transdutor convexo de frequência de 2,5 a 6,6 MHz em 11 áreas pré-estabelecidas. Os cavalos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o porte. Compararam-se as estruturas passíveis de identificação em cada janela, suas características ultrassonográficas e as espessuras da parede nas diferentes porções do trato gastrintestinal. A divisão do abdome em janelas ultrassonográficas específicas não interferiu negativamente no tempo de realização do exame. Foram definidos padrões de normalidade para as janelas avaliadas, não existindo diferenças de dimensão e espessura de todas as porções avaliadas ultrassonograficamente em relação ao porte do animal. A divisão do abdome torna a avaliação topográfica do trato gastrintestinal mais precisa e padronizada, facilitando o diagnóstico das alterações de posicionamento e de distensão gastrintestinal oriundas das diferentes etiologias da síndrome cólica. Palavras-chave: Cavalo, imagem, ultrassom, alças AbstractTransabdominal ultrasonography is reported to be an important diagnostic tool used in horses with abdominal pain. Detailed knowledge of the topography of the major areas that provide diagnostic values for each sonographic window with regard to the changes in the gastrointestinal tract should be well established. The aim of this study was to describe the new areas of the abdominal cavity of the horse examined using transabdominal ultrasonography and evaluate the possible ultrasound changes in animals of different sizes, thereby determining the applicability and difficulty in performing this technique. Twenty horses were examined using transabdominal ultrasonography at a convex transducer frequency of 2.5-6.6 MHz at eleven established zones. The horses were divided into two groups based on their size. The potential for identification of the structures in each window was compared; the ultrasound characteristics and wall thickness in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract were described. Abdominal division in specific sonographic zones did not negatively impact the examination time, and the normal standards for the evaluated windows were defined. No sonographic differences were observed in the lumen size and thickness of all parts of the gastrointestinal tract evaluated according

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Duodenal Ultrasonography in the Normal Adult Horse

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Ultrasonographic examination of caecum and colon of normal Adult Spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of India.

Ultrasonographic examination of caecum and colon of normal Adult Spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of India.

Ultrasonographic examination of the stomach, duodenum and jejunum of normal adult spiti horses and Himalayan hill mules of India

Avaliação do trato gastrintestinal de equinos pela ultrassonografia transabdominal: nova abordagem

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