Duodenal Metabolic Profile Changes in Heat-Stressed Broilers

Abstract

Heat stress (HS) is devastating to poultry production sustainability worldwide. In addition to its adverse effects on growth, welfare, meat quality, and mortality, HS alters the gut integrity, leading to dysbiosis and leaky gut syndrome; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. Here, we used a high-throughput mass spectrometric metabolomics approach to probe the metabolite profile in the duodenum of modern broilers exposed to acute (AHS, 2 h) or chronic cyclic (CHS, 8 h/day for 2 weeks) HS in comparison with thermoneutral (TN) and pair-fed birds. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS) identified a total of 178 known metabolites. The trajectory analysis of the principal component analysis (PCA) score plots (both 2D and 3D maps) showed clear separation between TN and each treated group, indicating a unique duodenal metabolite profile in HS birds. Within the HS groups, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) displayed different clusters when comparing metabolite profiles from AHS and CHS birds, suggesting that the metabolite signatures were also dependent on HS duration. To gain biologically related molecule networks, the above identified duodenal metabolites were mapped into the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) knowledge-base and analyzed to outline the most enriched biological functions. Several common and specific top canonical pathways were generated. Specifically, the adenosine nucleotide degradation and dopamine degradation pathways were specific for the AHS group; however, the UDP-D-xylose and UDP-D-glucuronate biosynthesis pathways were generated only for the CHS group. The top diseases enriched by the IPA core analysis for the DA metabolites, including cancer, organismal (GI) injury, hematological, cardiovascular, developmental, hereditary, and neurological disorders, were group-specific. The top altered molecular and cellular functions were amino acid metabolism, molecular transport, small molecule biochemistry, protein synthesis, cell death and survival, and DNA damage and repair. The IPA-causal network predicted that the upstream regulators (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B, CPT1B; histone deacetylase 11, HDAC11; carbonic anhydrase 9, CA9; interleukin 37, IL37; glycine N-methyl transferase, GNMT; GATA4) and the downstream mediators (mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPKs; superoxide dismutase, SOD) were altered in the HS groups. Taken together, these data showed that, independently of feed intake depression, HS induced significant changes in the duodenal metabolite profile in a duration-dependent manner and identified a potential duodenal signature for HS.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae—Fermented Coconut Water Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Enteritis in Wenchang Chicken: A Gut Microbiota and Metabolomic Approach

“…As per literature reports, the balance of the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathogenic mechanisms in animals [25,[29][30][31]. The intestinal microbiota is closely associated with intestinal inflammation, and the metabolites of the microbiota can influence the levels of inflammatory factors, thereby affecting the interaction between the host and microorganisms.…”

Bone Metabolite Profile Differs between Normal and Femur Head Necrosis (FHN/BCO)-Affected Broilers: Implications for Dysregulated Metabolic Cascades in FHN Pathophysiology

“…Samples were sent to the Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core (RRID: SCR_021368). As previously described [ 16 , 17 ], and in brief, metabolites were extracted using 1.5 mL of extraction solvent (40:40:20 HPLC grade methanol: acetonitrile: 0.1 M final concentration of water with formic acid), prechilled at 4 °C, and incubated at −20 °C for 20 min. The samples were centrifuged at 13,300× g for 5 min at 4 °C before the supernatants were collected.…”

“…The metabolites’ fold change and p -value were entered into the IPA, along with their identifications, from the Human Metabolome Database, denoted as HMDB [ 24 ]; the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, denoted as KEGG [ 25 ]; and the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, denoted as ChEBI [ 26 ]. IPA analysis was completed as previously described [ 17 ]. Briefly, the top canonical pathways and functional annotations were deduced for differentially expressed metabolites via IPA analysis.…”

“…UHPLC-HRMS analysis was previously published [16][17][18]. In brief, the metabolites were separated on a Dionex Ulti-Mate 3000 RS (Sunnyvale, CA, USA) by injecting a 10 µL sample on a Synergy reverse phase HydroRP 100 Å, 100 mm × 2.00 mm, 2.5 µm pore size LC column (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) that was kept at 25 • C. The global metabolomics method, which was adapted from [19], ran for 26 min with the application of a multistep gradient.…”

Heat stress exposure cause alterations in intestinal microbiota, transcriptome, and metabolome of broilers

“…The cecum is the broiler gastrointestinal tract’s most diverse area of microbes and various microbes are crucial in improving growth performance and maintaining physical health ( Luo et al, 2021 ). Previous studies mainly explored the effects of heat stress on broiler intestines from a single omics perspective, including transcriptome, metabolomics, and microbiome ( Dridi et al, 2022 ; Kim et al, 2022 ; Zhang Y. et al, 2023 ; Zhang F. et al, 2023 ; Zhang X. et al, 2023 ). However, very few studies have comprehensively revealed the heat-stress impact on broilers’ guts.…”