Duodenal Glands of the Pony (<i>Equus caballus</i>)

Takehana, Kazushige; Masty, J.; Abe, Mitsuo; Yamaguchi, Mamoru

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.1991.tb00285.x

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Alkaline fluid secreted by these glands plays an important role in digestive function by buffering gastric acid . The structure of Brunner's glands in horses is similar to that of other mammals, being arranged in coiled tubules within the submucosa . Ducts of these glands course through the muscularis mucosa before emptying into intestinal crypts.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Brunner's Gland Hyperplasia and Adenoma Associated with Colic in an Aged Arabian Mare

Kullmann

Schott

Cook

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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A n aged (estimated 28-year-old) Arabian mare was referred for evaluation of colic. On the day before presentation, the mare was lethargic with a decreased appetite, prompting administration of flunixin meglumine a (0.5 mg/kg, PO) by the owner. On the morning of admission, the mare was found recumbent in the stall with evidence of rolling during the night. Examination by the referring veterinarian revealed a normal rectal temperature (101.0°F), tachycardia (84 beats/ min), tachypnea (50 breaths/min), and bright pink oral membranes. Rectal examination findings were normal, but 8 L of gastric reflux were recovered on passage of a nasogastric tube. Flunixin meglumine b (1.1 mg/kg, IV) was administered before referral. Additional history included that the mare was in poor body condition when acquired 2 years previously. The mare's condition improved over the following 6 months. No prior colic episodes were reported.On presentation, the mare was lethargic but responsive. Rectal temperature was normal (99.8°F), but heart (100 beats/min) and respiratory (50 breaths/min) rates were increased. The mare stood quietly in the stocks and did not show obvious signs of abdominal pain. Oral membranes were bright pink and borborygmi were decreased in all quadrants. Extremities were cool and peripheral pulses, including digital pulses, were difficult to palpate. A few small, dry fecal balls were passed shortly after admission, but rectal examination did not reveal any abnormalities. A nasogastric tube was passed and 10 L of gastric reflux were obtained. Weight was 393 kg and body condition score was 6/9.Transabdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed the stomach to extend to the 16th intercostal (IC) space, but no other abnormalities were found. Abdominocentesis yielded a straw-colored peritoneal fluid; only a mild increase in TS was quantified by refractometry (2.8 g/dL; reference interval [RI] <2.5 g/dL). A rapid blood chemistry analysis revealed hyperglycemia (133 mg/dL; RI 85-115 mg/dL), mild hypernatremia (142 mmol/L; RI 135-140 mmol/L), decreased ionized Ca ++ concentration (4.7 mg/dL; RI 5.6-6.1 mg/dL), increased lactate concentration (3.3 mmol/L; RI <0.8 mmol/L), and azotemia (BUN 31 mg/dL; RI 15-25 mg/dL; Cr 2.7 mg/dL, RI 0.6-1.6 mg/dL). A CBC revealed increases in PCV (57%; RI 30-45%) and TS (8.3 g/dL; RI 5.9-7.5 g/dL) and a mature neutrophilic leukocytosis (segmented neutrophils, 12,230/lL; RI 1,940-7,400/lL) with a total leukocyte count of 13,250/lL (RI 5,100-13,120/lL). Estimated fibrinogen concentration (heat precipitation method) was mildly increased (0.5 g/dL; RI 0.2-0.4 g/dL).Initial treatment consisted of IV fluid therapy (a 2 L bolus of 7.2% NaCl solution followed by LRS supplemented with calcium borogluconate [50 mL/L of a 23% solution] and dextrose [20 g/L] at 5 mL/kg/ h), oxytetracycline HCl c (6.6 mg/kg, IV, q24h), flunixin meglumine b (0.5 mg/kg, IV, q12h), and lidocaine HCl d (1.3 mg/kg, IV bolus, followed by a continuous rate infusion [CRI] of 0.05 mg/kg/min, IV). The mare's feet were placed into ic...

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confidence: 99%

“…Ducts of these glands course through the muscularis mucosa before emptying into intestinal crypts. Two main cell types are found in the acinus: serous and mucous cells, with the latter predominating . Although mucous cells are present in all duodenal glands, serous cells are mainly found in the most proximal duodenal glands extending ~10 cm beyond the pylorus.…”

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Brunner's Gland Hyperplasia and Adenoma Associated with Colic in an Aged Arabian Mare

Kullmann

Schott

Cook

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Duodenal glands (also known as Brunner's glands) were first histologically described in horses in 1989 by Takehana et al 1 . They are responsible for producing an alkaline fluid that acts as a buffer for gastric acid once digesta enter the small intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duodenal glands or Brunner's glands are located within the submucosa of the small intestine of all mammals. These glands are composed by two different cell types: serous and mucinous, and usually the latter one is predominant 1 . They are involved in digestion through the secretion of alkaline fluid with high content of mucin 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These glands are composed by two different cell types: serous and mucinous, and usually the latter one is predominant. 1 They are involved in digestion through the secretion of alkaline fluid with high content of mucin. 2 Here, we describe a previously unreported manifestation of focal Brunner's gland hyperplasia in a horse with gastric impaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brunner's gland hyperplasia and recurrent gastric impaction in a horse

Scarin

Guerzoni

Pickles

et al. 2021

Vet Record Case Reports

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While Brunner's gland hyperplasia may rarely be considered as a cause of chronic gastric impaction in horses, it should be included in the differential diagnoses. A 7‐year‐old Cob cross‐breed gelding was presented with weight loss over a 3‐week period, and a diagnosis of chronic gastric impaction was made. Initial medical management was successful; however, the impaction recurred a further three times, at progressively shorter intervals, over the following 3 months. The owners subsequently elected euthanasia, and the horse was submitted for post‐mortem examination. A focal nodule within the cranial part of the duodenum was seen during the post‐mortem exam. Histopathologic evaluation of the duodenum revealed a marked increase in Brunner's glands admixed with distinct lobules of exocrine pancreatic tissue.

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