Ductile-to-brittle transition for the aluminum alloy contacting to liquid gallium metal

Chang, Cheng-Chia; Uan, Jun-Yen

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.09.115

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These metals exhibit a drastic loss of ductility in the presence of certain liquid-metals, such as gallium (Ga), bismuth (Bi), and mercury (Hg) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Understanding the mechanisms behind LME has been of particular interest in both experimental [2,3,5,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and simulation [7,9,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic-scale analysis of liquid-gallium embrittlement of aluminum grain boundaries

et al. 2014

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Material strengthening and embrittlement are controlled by intrinsic interactions between defects, such as grain boundaries (GB), and impurity atoms that alter the observed deformation and failure mechanisms in metals. In this work, we explore the role of atomistic-scale energetics on liquid-metal embrittlement of aluminum (Al) due to gallium (Ga). Ab initio and molecular mechanics were employed to probe the formation/binding energies of vacancies and segregation energies of Ga for <100>, <110> and <111> symmetric tilt grain boundaries (STGBs) in Al. We found that the GB local arrangements and resulting structural units have a significant influence on the magnitude of vacancy binding energies. For example, the mean vacancy binding energy for <100>, <110>, and <111> STGBs at 1 st layer was found to be -0.63 eV, -0.26 eV, and -0.60 eV. However, some GBs exhibited vacancy binding energies closer to bulk values, indicating interfaces with zero sink strength, i.e., these GBs may not provide effective pathways for vacancy diffusion. The results from the present work showed that the GB structure and the associated free volume also play significant roles in Ga segregation and the subsequent embrittlement of Al. The Ga mean segregation energy for <100>, <110> and <111> STGBs at 1 st layer was found to be -0.23 eV, -0.12 eV and -0.24 eV, respectively, suggesting a stronger correlation between the GB structural unit, its free volume, and segregation behavior. Furthermore, as the GB free volume increased, the difference in segregation energies between the 1 st layer and the 0 th layer increased. Thus, the GB character and free volume provide an important key to understanding the degree of anisotropy in various systems. The overall characteristic Ga absorption length scale was found to be about ~10, 8, and 12 layers for <100>, <110>, and <111> STGBs, respectively. Also, a few GBs of different tilt axes with relatively high segregation energies (between 0 and -0.1 eV) at the boundary were also found. This finding provides a new atomistic perspective to the GB engineering of materials with smart GB networks to mitigate or control LME and more general embrittlement phenomena in alloys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic-scale analysis of liquid-gallium embrittlement of aluminum grain boundaries

et al. 2014

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“…The results have indicated that the strength of the alloys declined as the Ga contents increased. The decline was mainly due to the ductileto-brittle transition of the Al-Ga solid solution when the Ga content reached a critical value, as demonstrated by Chang and Uan [22]. The fracture morphology also changed from ductile to intergranular and transgranular fractures, as shown in Figure 8(d), as investigated by Rettenmayr et al [23].…”

Section: Mechanical Properties and Fracture Analysismentioning

confidence: 73%

Fluxless soldering of 7034 aluminium in air using protective liquid Ga coatings

Luan

Xia

Leng

et al. 2022

Materials Science and Technology

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Fine-grained 7034 aluminium alloys were soldered with Zn–5Al filler metals, using liquid Ga as protective coatings to remove oxide films of the base and filler metals and prevent secondary oxidation. Holding times and coating modes were adjusted by experiments. Applying the Ga coating on both the base and filler metals caused the Ga enrichment in the α-Al particles and the formation of Mg2Ga5 intermetallic compound at the bonding interface, deteriorating joint mechanical performance. Ga enrichment was prevented by applying the coating on the filler metal alone, which avoided the early contact of Ga with Al substrate and reduced the mass of Ga in the joint. The tensile strength increased significantly to 159∼185 MPa with a sufficient holding time.

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The Liquid Metal Age: A Transition From Hg to Ga

Handschuh‐Wang,

Wang,

Gancarz

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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This review offers an illuminating journey through the historical evolution and modern‐day applications of liquid metals, presenting a comprehensive view of their significance in diverse fields. Tracing the trajectory from mercury applications to contemporary innovations, the paper explores their pivotal role in industry and research. The analysis spans electrical switches, mechanical applications, electrodes, chemical synthesis, energy storage, thermal transport, electronics, and biomedicine. Each section examines the intricacies of liquid metal integration, elucidating their contributions to technological advancements and societal progress. Moreover, the review critically appraises the challenges and prospects inherent in liquid metal applications, addressing issues of recycling, corrosion management, device stability, economic feasibility, translational hurdles, and market dynamics. By delving into these complexities, the paper advances scholarly understanding and offers actionable insights for researchers, engineers, and policymakers. It aims to catalyze innovation, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and promote liquid metal‐enabled solutions for societal needs. Through its comprehensive analysis and forward‐looking perspective, this review serves as a guide for navigating the landscape of liquid metal applications, bridging historical legacies with contemporary challenges, and highlighting the transformative potential of liquid metals in shaping future technologies.

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Ductile-to-brittle transition for the aluminum alloy contacting to liquid gallium metal

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Atomic-scale analysis of liquid-gallium embrittlement of aluminum grain boundaries

Atomic-scale analysis of liquid-gallium embrittlement of aluminum grain boundaries

Fluxless soldering of 7034 aluminium in air using protective liquid Ga coatings

The Liquid Metal Age: A Transition From Hg to Ga

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