Duck virus enteritis (anatid herpesvirus infection) in mute swans<i>(Cygnus Olor)</i>

Keymer, I. F.; Gough, R. E.

doi:10.1080/03079458608436275

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The recent investigation discovered a 30% death rate among Australian black swans. Keymer and Gough [ 21 ] reported a 22.5% mortality rate in DVEV-infected captive mute swans, with substantial clinical symptoms including polydipsia, photophobia, wing drooping, inappetence, watery nasal discharge, and yellowish diarrhea [ 21 ]. Clinical symptoms almost identical to those seen in the affected Australian black swans were observed in this investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duck virus enteritis (duck plague) outbreak in an Australian black swan (Cygnus atratus) flock at safari park in Bangladesh: A case report

Islam¹,

Ahamed²,

Islam³

et al. 2021

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: Duck virus enteritis is a severe viral disease that kills ducks and swans worldwide. The clinical manifestations, gross pathology, molecular detection, and characterization of the duck virus enteritis virus (DVEV) in Australian black swans at a safari park in Bangladesh were described in this case report. Materials and Methods: On a safari park in Bangladesh, an Australian black swan flock exhibited clinical signs of anorexia, greenish watery diarrhea, increased thirst, partial paralysis, and death. Postmortem examinations of deceased swans revealed extensive pathological abnormalities in the trachea, liver, and spleen. To isolate DVEV, a viral inoculum produced from the liver and spleen of dead swans was implanted into 9–13-day-old embryonated duck eggs via the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route. DVEV was confirmed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Phylogenetic analysis was used to determine the genetic relationship between the DVEV isolates from Australian black swans, and 16 DVEV isolates previously described in the GenBank. Results: Hemorrhage was noted in the annular ring of the trachea, as well as an enlarged and hemorrhagic liver and spleen. The PCR assay amplified a 446-bp fragment of the DVEV DNA polymerase gene in the liver, spleen, and CAM homogenates. The phylogenetic analysis found that the DVEV isolates from swans were comparable to those from Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, China, Germany, the USA, and Egypt. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the DVEV was the cause of illness and mortality in an Australian black swan flock.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duck virus enteritis (duck plague) outbreak in an Australian black swan (Cygnus atratus) flock at safari park in Bangladesh: A case report

Islam¹,

Ahamed²,

Islam³

et al. 2021

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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“…From 7 days of age to adulthood, natural outbreaks have been reported to inflict huge casualties in a variety of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), including White Pekin, Khaki Campbell, Indian Runner, hybrids and native ducks of mixed breeding, Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) (Jansen 1961;Newcomb 1968;Leibovitz & Hwang 1968a, 1968bCampagnolo et al 2001;Converse & Kidd 2001;Akter et al 2004;Konch et al 2009;Wo zniakowski & Samorek-Salamonowicz 2014), domestic geese (Anser anser) (Jansen & Wemmenhove 1965;Kisary & Zsak 1983) and mute swans (Keymer & Gough 1986). Gray-call ducks, herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) have been found resistant to infection (Van Dorssen & Kunst 1955).…”

Section: Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Canada goose, lesions of the intestinal lymphoid discs resembled 'button-like ulcers' (Leibovitz 1969a;Proctor 1975;Konch et al 2009). Diphtheritic esophagitis is a consistent lesion in swans (Keymer & Gough 1986). …”

Section: Gross Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease is known to have global distribution, wherein migratory waterfowl plays a crucial role in disease transmission within and between continents. However, mortality and severity of the disease varies between epizootics and species involved or affected (Keymer & Gough 1986;Kaleta et al 2007). Extensive epizootics have been reported in duck farms in the United States of America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Duck virus enteritis (duck plague) – a comprehensive update

Dhama

Kumar

Saminathan

et al. 2017

Veterinary Quarterly

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Duck virus enteritis (DVE), also called duck plague, is one of the major contagious and fatal diseases of ducks, geese and swan. It is caused by duck enteritis virus (DEV)/Anatid herpesvirus-1 of the genus Mardivirus, family Herpesviridae, and subfamily Alpha-herpesvirinae. Of note, DVE has worldwide distribution, wherein migratory waterfowl plays a crucial role in its transmission within and between continents. Furthermore, horizontal and/ or vertical transmission plays a significant role in disease spread through oral-fecal discharges. Either of sexes from varying age groups of ducks is vulnerable to DVE. The disease is characterized by sudden death, vascular damage and subsequent internal hemorrhage, lesions in lymphoid organs, digestive mucosal eruptions, severe diarrhea and degenerative lesions in parenchymatous organs. Huge economic losses are connected with acute nature of the disease, increased morbidity and mortality (5%-100%), condemnations of carcasses, decreased egg production and hatchability. Although clinical manifestations and histopathology can provide preliminary diagnosis, the confirmatory diagnosis involves virus isolation and detection using serological and molecular tests. For prophylaxis, both live-attenuated and killed vaccines are being used in broiler and breeder ducks above 2 weeks of age. Since DEV is capable of becoming latent as well as shed intermittently, recombinant subunit and DNA vaccines either alone or in combination (polyvalent) are being targeted for its benign prevention. This review describes DEV, epidemiology, transmission, the disease (DVE), pathogenesis, and advances in diagnosis, vaccination and antiviral agents/therapies along with appropriate prevention and control strategies.

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“…Duck enteritis virus (DEV), also known as Anatid herpesvirus-1 (AHV-1), is an important pathogen of birds of the order Anseriformes , including ducks, geese and swans, causing the acute contagious disease duck viral enteritis (DVE) or duck plague (DP), which results in substantial mortality and reduction of egg production in domestic as well as in wild waterfowl [1,2]. DEV was classified as an unassigned virus within the family Herpesviridae according to the Eighth International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a spliced gene from duck enteritis virus encoding a protein homologous to UL15 of herpes simplex virus 1

Zhu

Han

et al. 2011

Virol J

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BackgroundIn herpesviruses, UL15 homologue is a subunit of terminase complex responsible for cleavage and packaging of the viral genome into pre-assembled capsids. However, for duck enteritis virus (DEV), the causative agent of duck viral enteritis (DVE), the genomic sequence was not completely determined until most recently. There is limited information of this putative spliced gene and its encoding protein.ResultsDEV UL15 consists of two exons with a 3.5 kilobases (kb) inron and transcribes into two transcripts: the full-length UL15 and an N-terminally truncated UL15.5. The 2.9 kb UL15 transcript encodes a protein of 739 amino acids with an approximate molecular mass of 82 kiloDaltons (kDa), whereas the UL15.5 transcript is 1.3 kb in length, containing a putative 888 base pairs (bp) ORF that encodes a 32 kDa product. We also demonstrated that UL15 gene belonged to the late kinetic class as its expression was sensitive to cycloheximide and phosphonoacetic acid. UL15 is highly conserved within the Herpesviridae, and contains Walker A and B motifs homologous to the catalytic subunit of the bacteriophage terminase as revealed by sequence analysis. Phylogenetic tree constructed with the amino acid sequences of 23 herpesvirus UL15 homologues suggests a close relationship of DEV to the Mardivirus genus within the Alphaherpesvirinae. Further, the UL15 and UL15.5 proteins can be detected in the infected cell lysate but not in the sucrose density gradient-purified virion when reacting with the antiserum against UL15. Within the CEF cells, the UL15 and/or UL15.5 localize(s) in the cytoplasm at 6 h post infection (h p. i.) and mainly in the nucleus at 12 h p. i. and at 24 h p. i., while accumulate(s) in the cytoplasm in the absence of any other viral protein.ConclusionsDEV UL15 is a spliced gene that encodes two products encoded by 2.9 and 1.3 kb transcripts respectively. The UL15 is expressed late during infection. The coding sequences of DEV UL15 are very similar to those of alphaherpesviruses and most similar to the genus Mardivirus. The UL15 and/or UL15.5 accumulate(s) in the cytoplasm during early times post-infection and then are translocated to the nucleus at late times.

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Duck virus enteritis (anatid herpesvirus infection) in mute swans(Cygnus Olor)

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Duck virus enteritis (duck plague) outbreak in an Australian black swan (Cygnus atratus) flock at safari park in Bangladesh: A case report

Duck virus enteritis (duck plague) outbreak in an Australian black swan (Cygnus atratus) flock at safari park in Bangladesh: A case report

Duck virus enteritis (duck plague) – a comprehensive update

Identification of a spliced gene from duck enteritis virus encoding a protein homologous to UL15 of herpes simplex virus 1

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