Duck’s not dead: Does restocking with captive bred individuals affect the genetic integrity of wild mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) population?

Čížková, Dagmar; Javůrková, Veronika; Guillemain, Matthieu; Kreisinger, Jakub

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.04.008

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 67 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Both these results are consistent with studies on other game birds (e.g., Barbanera et al 2015;Barbanera et al 2010). Compared to earlier studies on mallards (Baratti et al 2014;Champagnon et al 2013ba;Čížková et al 2012), the inclusion of samples from a wider geographical area enabled us to identify geographic regions where substantial genetic admixture of farmed genotypes with wild populations may have occurred. Accordingly, merging European with Asian and North American samples confirmed previous regional results from France (Champagnon et al 2013ba), the Czech Republic (Čížková et al 2012), and Italy (Baratti et al 2014), i.e., occurrence of admixture of genetic material from farmed mallards in wild conspecifics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Admixture between released and wild game birds: a changing genetic landscape in European mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disruption of naturally evolved spatial patterns of genetic variation and local adaptations is a growing concern in wildlife management and conservation. During the last decade, releases of native taxa with potentially non-native genotypes have received increased attention. This has mostly concerned conservation programs, but releases are also widely carried out to boost harvest opportunities. The mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, is one of few terrestrial migratory vertebrates subjected to large-scale releases for hunting purposes. It is the most numerous and widespread duck in the world, yet each year more than three million farmed mallard ducklings are released into the wild in the European Union alone to increase the harvestable population. This study aimed to determine the genetic effects of such large-scale releases of a native species, specifically if wild and released farmed mallards differ genetically among subpopulations in Europe, if there are signs of admixture between the two groups, if the genetic structure of the wild mallard population has changed since large-scale releases began in the 1970s, and if the current data matches global patterns across the Northern hemisphere. We used Bayesian clustering (STRUCTURE software) and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) to analyze the genetic structure of historical and present-day wild (n = 171 and n = 209, respectively) as well as farmed (n = 211) mallards from six European countries as inferred by 360 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Both methods showed a clear genetic differentiation between wild and farmed mallards. Admixed individuals were found in the present-day wild population, implicating introgression of farmed genotypes into wild mallards despite low survival among released farmed mallards. Such cryptic introgression would alter the genetic composition of wild populations and may have unknown long-term consequences for conservation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Admixture between released and wild game birds: a changing genetic landscape in European mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Partial sequences of MHC class I UAA were previously used to assess the diversity of wild mallards in Europe in light of the massive restocking done each year with domestic mallards (63). To compare our alleles with these partial sequences, we constructed a phylogenetic tree of all a2 sequences, including 96 identified in European mallards (63) (Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compare our alleles with these partial sequences, we constructed a phylogenetic tree of all a2 sequences, including 96 identified in European mallards (63) (Supplemental Fig. 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…undergo admixture currently, or did at some time in their history. We cannot exclude that the common alleles were from released domestic ducks, because the wild or captive-bred origin of the European ducks contributing the sequences was not indicated, but most of the allelic variants were obtained from wild-caught individuals (63). This could be established by examining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extensive Allelic Diversity of MHC Class I in Wild Mallard Ducks

Fleming-Canepa

Jensen

Mesa

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

MHC class I is critically involved in defense against viruses, and diversity from polygeny and polymorphism contributes to the breadth of the immune response and health of the population. In this article, we examine MHC class I diversity in wild mallard ducks, the natural host and reservoir of influenza A viruses. We previously showed domestic ducks predominantly use UAA, one of five MHC class I genes, but whether biased expression is also true for wild mallards is unknown. Using RT-PCR from blood, we examined expressed MHC class I alleles from 38 wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and identified 61 unique alleles, typically 1 or 2 expressed alleles in each individual. To determine whether expressed alleles correspond to UAA adjacent to TAP2 as in domestic ducks, we cloned and sequenced genomic UAA-TAP2 fragments from all mallards, which matched transcripts recovered and allowed us to assign most alleles as UAA. Allelic differences are primarily located in α1 and α2 domains in the residues known to interact with peptide in mammalian MHC class I, suggesting the diversity is functional. Most UAA alleles have unique residues in the cleft predicting distinct specificity; however, six alleles have an unusual conserved cleft with two cysteine residues. Residues that influence peptide-loading properties and tapasin involvement in chicken are fixed in duck alleles and suggest tapasin independence. Biased expression of one MHC class I gene may make viral escape within an individual easy, but high diversity in the population places continual pressure on the virus in the reservoir species.

show abstract

“…To assess the power of the models and markers, and to define the best threshold value for Structure analyses, we used Hybridlab 1.0 [43] to generate expected genotypes for the different parental and hybrid classes [29, 44]. This software creates multilocus genotypes through randomly selecting one allele from each of two pre-defined parental populations based on their allelic frequencies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering the Genetic Identity of an Extinct-in-the-Wild Species: The Puzzling Case of the Alagoas Curassow

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The conservation of many endangered taxa relies on hybrid identification, and when hybrids become morphologically indistinguishable from the parental species, the use of molecular markers can assign individual admixture levels. Here, we present the puzzling case of the extinct in the wild Alagoas Curassow (Pauxi mitu), whose captive population descends from only three individuals. Hybridization with the Razor-billed Curassow (P. tuberosa) began more than eight generations ago, and admixture uncertainty affects the whole population. We applied an analysis framework that combined morphological diagnostic traits, Bayesian clustering analyses using 14 microsatellite loci, and mtDNA haplotypes to assess the ancestry of all individuals that were alive from 2008 to 2012. Simulated data revealed that our microsatellites could accurately assign an individual a hybrid origin until the second backcross generation, which permitted us to identify a pure group among the older, but still reproductive animals. No wild species has ever survived such a severe bottleneck, followed by hybridization, and studying the recovery capability of the selected pure Alagoas Curassow group might provide valuable insights into biological conservation theory.

show abstract

Duck’s not dead: Does restocking with captive bred individuals affect the genetic integrity of wild mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) population?

Cited by 21 publications

References 67 publications

Admixture between released and wild game birds: a changing genetic landscape in European mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Admixture between released and wild game birds: a changing genetic landscape in European mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Extensive Allelic Diversity of MHC Class I in Wild Mallard Ducks

Recovering the Genetic Identity of an Extinct-in-the-Wild Species: The Puzzling Case of the Alagoas Curassow

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About