“…Although this method is often associated with marketing and consumer-related studies, several research studies in TS (e.g. Dombek, 2014;Li, 2015;Ameri and Khoshsaligheh, 2020;Afzali and Zahiri, 2021;Lu and Lu, 2021;Huang et al, 2023) have applied the netnography method, and it has proved to be a useful method to delve into research within the digital and online realm. This paper also To overcome the challenges and intricacies of the online domain, all the collection data methods suggested by the netnography method, especially the immersion phase, played a crucial role.…”