As is well known, the equivalence between amenability of a locally compact group G and injectivity of its von Neumann algebra L(G) does not hold in general beyond inner amenable groups. In this paper, we show that the equivalence persists for all locally compact groups if L(G) is considered as a T (L2(G))-module with respect to a natural action. In fact, we prove an appropriate version of this result for every locally compact quantum group.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 22D15 46L89 81R15, Secondary 43A07 46M10 43A20. 1 2 JASON CRANN 1,2 AND MATTHIAS NEUFANG 1,2 a locally compact quantum group G, as introduced in [13,29]. For any locally compact quantum group G, there are two canonical completely contractive Banach algebra structures on T (L 2 (G)), denoted by (T (L 2 (G)), ⊳) and (T (L 2 (G)), ⊲), induced by the left and right fundamental unitaries of G, respectively. This in turn yields two interesting bimodule structures on B(L 2 (G)), which have been a recent topic of interest in the development of harmonic analysis on locally compact quantum groups [14,15], and are closely related to LUC(G) and RUC(G).The dual space of LUC(G) carries a natural Banach algebra structure. In [14], Hu, Neufang and Ruan studied various properties of this algebra, in particular through a weak*-weak* continuous, injective, completely contractive representationin the algebra of completely bounded right (T (L 2 (G)), ⊲)-module maps on B(L 2 (G)). This representation is the fundamental tool in our work, and is used in section 4 to show that a locally compact quantum group G is amenable if and only if the dual quantum groupĜ is what we shall call covariantly injective, meaning the corresponding projection of norm one commutes with the module action of (T (L 2 (G)), ⊲) on B(L 2 (G)). As an application, we obtain a new proof of the recently answered question of Bédos and Tuset concerning the topological amenability of G [38]. By examining the remaining three T (L 2 (G))-module structures on B(L 2 (G)), we obtain new characterizations of amenability, co-commutativity, as well as injectivity ofĜ. Moreover, compactness of G can be characterized in terms of normal conditional expectations respecting the T (L 2 (G))-module structure.We finish in section 5 by showing that a locally compact quantum group G is amenable if and only if L ∞ (Ĝ) is an injective operator T (L 2 (G))-module. Even in the commutative case, this provides a new identification of classical amenability of a locally compact group G in terms of the injectivity of L(G) as a T (L 2 (G))-module. We also show that both amenability of G and ofĜ may be characterized through the injectivity of B(L 2 (G)) as a left, respectively, right T (L 2 (G))-module. This, along with other results in the paper suggests that these homological methods may provide a new approach to the duality problem of amenability and co-amenability for arbitrary locally compact quantum groups.
PreliminariesA locally compact quantum group is a quadruple G = (L ∞ (G), Γ, ϕ, ψ), where L ∞ (G) is a ...