Dual-wavelength AlInGaAs-InP grating-outcoupled surface-emitting laser with an integrated two-dimensional photonic lattice outcoupler

Roh, Sookyoung; Patterson, Steve; Amarasinghe, Nuditha Vibhavie; Masood, Taha; Castillega, Jaime; McWilliams, Scott R.; Phan, Duy; Lee, D.; Kirk, J. B.; Evans, G.A.

doi:10.1109/lpt.2004.839023

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Another fiber-to-chip grating coupler with only upward radiation was demonstrated using a third-order grating [22]. A crossed-grating out-coupler was used to emit light of two different wavelengths from a semiconductor laser [23]. A thin liner layer along with a high index cover layer over a simple grating can theoretically reduce the length of an out-coupler grating by an order of magnitude [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveguide Characteristics Near the Second Bragg Condition

2022

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We show that in an optical waveguide with no material losses at wavelengths near the second-order Bragg condition, there exists two pairs of modes. One pair has identical propagation constants but have different attenuation coefficients, while a second pair with identical propagation constants (different from the first pair) and have different attenuation coefficients. The four attenuation coefficients may have either a positive value, representing power leaking out of a waveguide mode or a negative value, representing power from an external source leaking into a mode. Moreover, a mode with a positive (negative) attenuation before the second Bragg condition, has a negative (positive) attenuation after the second Bragg condition. Radiation near the second-order Bragg condition of a periodic waveguide typically occurs at an angle perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the propagation direction of the waveguide because the scattering centers have a period equal to or close to the period of the longitudinal propagation constant of the mode. In this paper, stable numerical solutions for the modes of periodic dielectric structures are developed using Floquet-Bloch theory. One primary focus in this paper illustrates a unique method of analyzing such modes using eigenvectors forming a Hilbert space, allowing for expansion of arbitrary vectors and their derivatives used for calculations such as that involving group velocities. The dimension of the vector space is determined by the number of space harmonics used in the solution of the Floquet-Bloch equations. The accuracy of the numerical solutions is affected by the number of space harmonics; as that number is increased, the number of waveguide partitions must be increased to maintain a given accuracy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveguide Characteristics Near the Second Bragg Condition

2022

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In planar photonic architectures, the four-port coupler enables lasers, filters, and hybrid circuits with increasing sophistication and functionality. [11][12][13][14] In modern photonic integrated circuits the four-port coupler is precise to the nanometer scale and couples signals across four input-output waveguides. These waveguides may include gain, for example, from a semiconductor optical amplifier, or they may be passive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition methods for four-port couplers in photonic integrated circuitry

et al. 2006

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Planar photonic integrated circuits based on four-port couplers offer enhanced sophistication and functionality. Each four-port coupler is characterized by sixteen signal coupling coefficients governed by ten energy constraints. The ability to generate the constrained sixteen coupling coefficients is needed in the analysis of the four-port coupler. However, the energy constraint equations are nonlinear and cumbersome to solve directly. We introduce two techniques to reduce these signal coupling coefficients to a set of six free parameters. Hence we can characterize all possible couplers in terms of their sixteen constrained coupling coefficients, or either of two sets of six free parameters. This reduction in parameters has significant ramifications for the design, specification, and empirical characterization of these useful building blocks.

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