Dual-Use and Dilemmas for Cybersecurity, Peace and Technology Assessment

Riebe, Thea; Reuter, Christian

doi:10.1007/978-3-658-25652-4_8

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…One way to go about this is to review the literature and case studies of TA in dual use in other fields such as cybersecurity (e.g. Riebe & Reuter, 2019), and draw lessons from that. Synthetic biology was one of the topics of the Global Ethics in Science and Technology (GEST) project (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014), which compared the role of ethics in science and technology policy as it was developing in Europe, China and India.…”

Section: Ta and Synthetic Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Global Technology Assessment in Biotechnology—Bringing Clarity and Better Understanding in Fragmented Global Governance

Baalen

Srinivas

2023

Technology Assessment in a Globalized World

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Biotechnology involves the use and manipulation of living organisms such as plants, animals, humans, and biological systems, or parts of this, to modify their characteristics in order to create desired organisms or products. Biotechnology as a field touches on many aspects that are central to technology assessment (TA), and have been the focus of TA activities since the 1980s. By presenting three key topics in biotechnology—genetically modified food and crops, synthetic biology, and human genome germline editing—we show that a central feature of biotechnology is that the science is evolving globally and the products that it brings forth are traded across the globe. Yet, there are major differences in the regulation and governance of the academic and industrial sectors between countries. These stem from different needs and interests per country, as well as differences in traditions, cultural differences and public perceptions. As global governance is fragmented, with little scope for harmonization, global TA of biotechnology can bring clarity and better understanding, and enable better governance. In order to do so, an integrated global TA framework should consider international trade and differences in risk assessment; cultural variation and different value-systems between countries; and differences in countries’ capacities in R&D and coordination of public engagement efforts.

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Section: Ta and Synthetic Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Global Technology Assessment in Biotechnology—Bringing Clarity and Better Understanding in Fragmented Global Governance

Baalen

Srinivas

2023

Technology Assessment in a Globalized World

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“…These considerations have prompted normatively oriented debates about dual-use and how to assess risks of emerging technologies while researchers and developers lack knowledge on future use and deployment of technologies (Grunwald, 2020 ). Our approach to capture AI R&D considers these various understandings and aims to set the foundation for a responsible assessment of dual-use research of concern (Evans, 2014 ; Riebe & Reuter, 2019 ).…”

Section: Related Work and Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Use and Trustworthy? A Mixed Methods Analysis of AI Diffusion Between Civilian and Defense R&D

2022

Self Cite

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) seems to be impacting all industry sectors, while becoming a motor for innovation. The diffusion of AI from the civilian sector to the defense sector, and AI’s dual-use potential has drawn attention from security and ethics scholars. With the publication of the ethical guideline Trustworthy AI by the European Union (EU), normative questions on the application of AI have been further evaluated. In order to draw conclusions on Trustworthy AI as a point of reference for responsible research and development (R&D), we approach the diffusion of AI across both civilian and military spheres in the EU. We capture the extent of technological diffusion and derive European and German patent citation networks. Both networks indicate a low degree of diffusion of AI between civilian and defense sectors. A qualitative investigation of project descriptions of a research institute’s work in both civilian and military fields shows that military AI applications stress accuracy or robustness, while civilian AI reflects a focus on human-centric values. Our work represents a first approach by linking processes of technology diffusion with normative evaluations of R&D.

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“…This is well expressed through references to the "Janus-faced," "double-edged," or "dual-use" nature of technology (see, for instance, Tellidis and Kappler 2016 ;Dajer 2018 ;Richmond and Tellidis 2020 ). Reflexive engagement with the dual use of technologies, not only as conventionally understood in terms of the pursuit of both civilian and military purposes ( Riebe and Reuter 2019 ), but also for the pursuit of "good" and "bad" peacebuilding, requires shedding light on the social practices that tilt the verdict on the impact of technology in one way or another. This is because the duality of technology emerges not only when practitioners, experts, and academics take part in the design and use of technologies, but also in the assessment of their impacts-practices that all connect the social and the technical.…”

Section: Digital Peacebuilding Research: Moving Beyond Janus?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Peacebuilding: A Framework for Critical–Reflexive Engagement

Hirblinger

Hansen

Hoelscher

et al. 2022

International Studies Perspectives

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Existing research on digital technologies in peacebuilding exhibits both tech-solutionist and tech-problematizing traits that tend to understate their embeddedness in society and politics. We argue that the study of digital peacebuilding should instead reflexively engage with the coproduction of the technical and the social in both academia and practice. This requires asking how assumptions about technology are related to assumptions about the conflict and peacebuilding context on which these technologies are brought to bear, and with what consequences. Therefore, we propose a methodological framework that brings to the fore how technologies for peacebuilding and peacebuilding with technology are coproduced. First, we focus on the interrelated claims about peacebuilding and technology, and the coproduction of peacebuilding problems and technological solutions. Second, we inquire into the characteristics of the digital peacebuilding agendas built on these claims, including the dynamics of disruptive change and datafication that these agendas bring. Third, we consider the sticky effects of digital approaches, in terms of a politicization or depoliticization of peacebuilding efforts, and ask what kind of peace this may produce.

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Dual-Use and Dilemmas for Cybersecurity, Peace and Technology Assessment

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Challenges of Global Technology Assessment in Biotechnology—Bringing Clarity and Better Understanding in Fragmented Global Governance

Challenges of Global Technology Assessment in Biotechnology—Bringing Clarity and Better Understanding in Fragmented Global Governance

Dual-Use and Trustworthy? A Mixed Methods Analysis of AI Diffusion Between Civilian and Defense R&D

Digital Peacebuilding: A Framework for Critical–Reflexive Engagement

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