Dual transmission model and related spectral content of the fetal heart sounds

Zahorian, Stephen A.; Zuckerwar, Allan J.; Karnjanadecha, Montri

doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2011.12.006

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It offers clinically useful information that cannot be obtained with other methods such as ECG, MCG, Pulse Oximetry and Ultrasound. Various studies have proposed, extracted, and reported different parameters that carry useful diagnostic information about the fetus [122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phonocardiographic-Based Fiber-Optic Sensor and Adaptive Filtering System for Noninvasive Continuous Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring

Martínek

Nedoma

Fajkus

et al. 2017

Sensors

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This paper focuses on the design, realization, and verification of a novel phonocardiographic- based fiber-optic sensor and adaptive signal processing system for noninvasive continuous fetal heart rate (fHR) monitoring. Our proposed system utilizes two Mach-Zehnder interferometeric sensors. Based on the analysis of real measurement data, we developed a simplified dynamic model for the generation and distribution of heart sounds throughout the human body. Building on this signal model, we then designed, implemented, and verified our adaptive signal processing system by implementing two stochastic gradient-based algorithms: the Least Mean Square Algorithm (LMS), and the Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) Algorithm. With this system we were able to extract the fHR information from high quality fetal phonocardiograms (fPCGs), filtered from abdominal maternal phonocardiograms (mPCGs) by performing fPCG signal peak detection. Common signal processing methods such as linear filtering, signal subtraction, and others could not be used for this purpose as fPCG and mPCG signals share overlapping frequency spectra. The performance of the adaptive system was evaluated by using both qualitative (gynecological studies) and quantitative measures such as: Signal-to-Noise Ratio—SNR, Root Mean Square Error—RMSE, Sensitivity—S+, and Positive Predictive Value—PPV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phonocardiographic-Based Fiber-Optic Sensor and Adaptive Filtering System for Noninvasive Continuous Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring

Martínek

Nedoma

Fajkus

et al. 2017

Sensors

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“…• The device for monitoring fHR proposed in [28] used a BPF FIR filter with an order of 124 and a matched filter for filtering of fPCG signals. For determining fHR, a Teager energy operator was applied, which enhanced the positions with fetal heart beats.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of single-channel signal processing methods in fetal phonocardiography

et al. 2022

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Fetal phonocardiography is a non-invasive, completely passive and low-cost method based on sensing acoustic signals from the maternal abdomen. However, different types of interference are sensed along with the desired fetal phonocardiography. This study focuses on the comparison of fetal phonocardiography filtering using eight algorithms: Savitzky-Golay filter, finite impulse response filter, adaptive wavelet transform, maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform, variational mode decomposition, empirical mode decomposition, ensemble empirical mode decomposition, and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise. The effectiveness of those methods was tested on four types of interference (maternal sounds, movement artifacts, Gaussian noise, and ambient noise) and eleven combinations of these disturbances. The dataset was created using two synthetic records r01 and r02, where the record r02 was loaded with higher levels of interference than the record r01. The evaluation was performed using the objective parameters such as accuracy of the detection of S1 and S2 sounds, signal-to-noise ratio improvement, and mean error of heart interval measurement. According to all parameters, the best results were achieved using the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise method with average values of accuracy = 91.53% in the detection of S1 and accuracy = 68.89% in the detection of S2. The average value of signal-to-noise ratio improvement achieved by complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise method was 9.75 dB and the average value of the mean error of heart interval measurement was 3.27 ms.

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“…Though this approach is non-invasive and requires simpler instrumentation, the foetal heart rate measurement in this approach has two problems: firstly, the intensity of the foetal heart sound is low compared to the interference signals such as digestive sounds or the signals from the environment. Secondly, the intensity and the frequency varies depending on the position of the foetus (occiput anterior position/occiput posterior position) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various signal processing techniques reported in the literature for extraction of fetal heart rate include: autocorrelation method, S1 heart sound positions, repetition frequency determination and blind source separation. In autocorrelation based method, the signal is passed through a bandpass filter followed by envelope detection and autocorrelation of the signal [6]. Matched filtering or other denoising techniques can be used before the envelope detection and autocorrelation step to improve the accuracy of FHR measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Envelope Detection and Signal Normalization Methods for Foetal Heart Rate Extraction from Foetal Heart Sound

Arora

2018

2018 Fourth International Conference on Biosignals, Images and Instrumentation (ICBSII)

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Foetal heart rate is an important indicator of foetal well-being which indicates fetal distress during antepartum and intrapartum period. This paper provides systematic comparison of four different methods envelope detection and four different methods of signal normalization to determine the fetal heart rate from fetal heart sound. To obtain the ground truth, each heart beat was manually identified by visualizing the sound recording on a computer screen. Four different measure of error are used compare various combinations of envelop detection and normalization methods. It is found that the homomorphic filtering gave highest accuracy. Choice of normalization methods did not affect accuracy measurement in most cases.

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Dual transmission model and related spectral content of the fetal heart sounds

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

A Phonocardiographic-Based Fiber-Optic Sensor and Adaptive Filtering System for Noninvasive Continuous Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring

A Phonocardiographic-Based Fiber-Optic Sensor and Adaptive Filtering System for Noninvasive Continuous Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring

A comparative study of single-channel signal processing methods in fetal phonocardiography

Comparison of Envelope Detection and Signal Normalization Methods for Foetal Heart Rate Extraction from Foetal Heart Sound

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