Dual transcriptional control of the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene ald of Corynebacterium glutamicum by RamA and RamB

Auchter, Marc; Arndt, Annette; Eikmanns, Bernhard J.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.10.012

Cited by 41 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…The organism can use a variety of sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose, sucrose, ribose, or maltose) and organic acids (acetate, propionate, pyruvate, lactate, or citrate) as single or combined carbon and energy sources for growth and also for amino acid production. C. glutamicum is also able to use ethanol as a sole carbon and energy source, using alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) for NAD-dependent oxidations to acetate, which is then activated to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and channeled into the citric acid and glyoxylate cycles (2,4,5,44). The ADH gene (adhA) of C. glutamicum has been shown to be subject to complex, carbon source-dependent regulation by the global transcriptional regulators RamA, RamB, and GlxR (2,6,43).…”

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confidence: 99%

Arabitol Metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Its Regulation by AtlR

Laslo

Zaluskowski

Gabris

et al. 2011

Journal of Bacteriology

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Expression profiling of Corynebacterium glutamicum in comparison to a derivative deficient in the transcriptional regulator AtlR (previously known as SucR or MtlR) revealed eight genes showing more than 4-fold higher mRNA levels in the mutant. Four of these genes are located in the direct vicinity of the atlR gene, i.e., xylB, rbtT, mtlD, and sixA, annotated as encoding xylulokinase, the ribitol transporter, mannitol 2-dehydrogenase, and phosphohistidine phosphatase, respectively. Transcriptional analysis indicated that atlR and the four genes are organized as atlR-xylB and rbtT-mtlD-sixA operons. Growth experiments with C. glutamicum and C. glutamicum ⌬atlR, ⌬xylB, ⌬rbtT, ⌬mtlD, and ⌬sixA derivatives with sugar alcohols revealed that (

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confidence: 99%

Arabitol Metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Its Regulation by AtlR

Laslo

Zaluskowski

Gabris

et al. 2011

Journal of Bacteriology

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“…Hence, C. glutamicum RamB functions as a repressor of the acetate activating enzymes, as well as the glyoxylate cycle enzymes under conditions when their activity is not needed. Furthermore, C. glutamicum RamB negatively regulates the adhA and ald genes, encoding alcohol and acetaldehyde dehydrogenases (1,3), its own expression (10), and it acts as an activator of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunit E1p gene aceE (5).…”

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Role of the Transcriptional Regulator RamB (Rv0465c) in the Control of the Glyoxylate Cycle in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

et al. 2009

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis generally is assumed to depend on lipids as a major carbon and energy source when persisting within the host. The utilization of fatty acids requires a functional glyoxylate cycle with the key enzymes isocitrate lyase (Icl) and malate synthase. The open reading frame Rv0465c of M. tuberculosis H37Rv encodes a protein with significant sequence similarity to the transcriptional regulator RamB, which in Corynebacterium glutamicum controls the expression of several genes involved in acetate metabolism, i.e., those encoding enzymes of acetate activation and the glyoxylate cycle. We show here that the M. tuberculosis Rv0465c protein can functionally complement RamB in C. glutamicum and that it binds to the promoter regions of M. tuberculosis icl1 and Rv0465c. Construction and subsequent transcriptional and enzymatic analysis of a defined Rv0465c deletion mutant in M. tuberculosis revealed that the Rv0465c protein, now designated RamB, represses icl1 expression during growth with glucose and negatively autoregulates the expression of its own operon. Whole-genome microarray analysis of the M. tuberculosis ramB (ramB MT ) mutant and the wild type furthermore showed that apart from icl1 and the ramB MT operon, the expression of all other M. tuberculosis genes involved in acetate metabolism remain unchanged in the mutant. Thus, RamB MT has a more specific regulatory function as RamB from C. glutamicum and is confined to expression control of icl1 and the ramB MT operon.

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“…Similar to AdhA, Ald is essential for growth on ethanol, since it catalyzed the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate (44). Interestingly, Ald of C. glutamicum shows 70% sequence identity to an NAD ϩ -dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldhR) from R. erythropolis UPV-1 (62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In total, 20 genes were up-and 19 genes were downregulated in the presence of 100 mM methanol (see Table S2 in the supplemental material). Interestingly, two genes known to be essential for the oxidation of ethanol to acetate in C. glutamicum were among the upregulated genes: adhA (cg3107; 4.4-fold), encoding an alcohol dehydrogenase (11,43), and ald (cg3096; 2.1-fold), encoding acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (44).…”

Section: Methanol Is Metabolized Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SucR is now termed AtlR (58). In the case of ald, RamA was described as an essential activator and RamB as a weak repressor (44). Since AdhA was shown to be the major enzyme responsible for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde, we tested methanol consumption by a C. glutamicum ⌬ramA mutant (26) and observed that its capability to oxidize methanol was strongly reduced (see Fig.…”

Section: Oe) (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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C ₁ Metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum: an Endogenous Pathway for Oxidation of Methanol to Carbon Dioxide

Witthoff

Marienhagen

Bott

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Methanol is considered an interesting carbon source in "bio-based" microbial production processes. Since Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important host in industrial biotechnology, in particular for amino acid production, we performed studies of the response of this organism to methanol. The C. glutamicum wild type was able to convert 13 C-labeled methanol to 13 CO 2 . Analysis of global gene expression in the presence of methanol revealed several genes of ethanol catabolism to be upregulated, indicating that some of the corresponding enzymes are involved in methanol oxidation. Indeed, a mutant lacking the alcohol dehydrogenase gene adhA showed a 62% reduced methanol consumption rate, indicating that AdhA is mainly responsible for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde. Further studies revealed that oxidation of formaldehyde to formate is catalyzed predominantly by two enzymes, the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase Ald and the mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase AdhE. The ⌬ald ⌬adhE and ⌬ald ⌬mshC deletion mutants were severely impaired in their ability to oxidize formaldehyde, but residual methanol oxidation to CO 2 was still possible. The oxidation of formate to CO 2 is catalyzed by the formate dehydrogenase FdhF, recently identified by us. Similar to the case with ethanol, methanol catabolism is subject to carbon catabolite repression in the presence of glucose and is dependent on the transcriptional regulator RamA, which was previously shown to be essential for expression of adhA and ald. In conclusion, we were able to show that C. glutamicum possesses an endogenous pathway for methanol oxidation to CO 2 and to identify the enzymes and a transcriptional regulator involved in this pathway.

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Dual transcriptional control of the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene ald of Corynebacterium glutamicum by RamA and RamB

Cited by 41 publications

References 55 publications

Arabitol Metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Its Regulation by AtlR

Arabitol Metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Its Regulation by AtlR

Role of the Transcriptional Regulator RamB (Rv0465c) in the Control of the Glyoxylate Cycle in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

C ₁ Metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum: an Endogenous Pathway for Oxidation of Methanol to Carbon Dioxide

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Dual transcriptional control of the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene ald of Corynebacterium glutamicum by RamA and RamB

Cited by 41 publications

References 55 publications

Arabitol Metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Its Regulation by AtlR

Arabitol Metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Its Regulation by AtlR

Role of the Transcriptional Regulator RamB (Rv0465c) in the Control of the Glyoxylate Cycle in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

C 1 Metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum: an Endogenous Pathway for Oxidation of Methanol to Carbon Dioxide

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C ₁ Metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum: an Endogenous Pathway for Oxidation of Methanol to Carbon Dioxide