Dual Trajectories of Social Isolation and Dementia in Older Adults: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study

Xiang, Xiaoling; Lai, Patrick Ho Lam; Bao, Luoman; Sun, Yihang; Chen, Jieling; Dunkle, Ruth E.; Maust, Donovan T.

doi:10.1177/0898264320953693

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the use of social supports to reduce cognitive decline and depression should also be considered. Reducing social isolation has been shown to potentially delay the onset of dementia ( Xiang et al, 2021 ). Positive social support was shown to reduce the risk of dementia whereas negative support increased the risk among persons aged 50 years and over ( Khondoker et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on the complex links between depression and dementia

Hakim

2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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This review highlights that depression is a growing health problem for the individual, and because of its high frequency in most societies, a growing burden on health care budgets. The focus of the review is the physiological links between depression and dementia, specifically Alzheimer’s disease. It suggests that depression is a significant risk factor for cognitive decline and explores the pathways that may lead depressed individuals to suffer this outcome. This review shows that depression and a number of its precursors activate pro-inflammatory mediators. These lead to cerebral small vessel disease with the consequent reduction in cerebral blood flow, which is known to precede cognitive decline. Thus, the impact of depression on the physiological events that lead to dementia is identical to the impact of other dementia risk factors recently reviewed. Depression is distinct, however, in being a relatively treatable condition, but the impact of treating depression on later cognitive decline is not always positive, leading to the hypothesis that only the antidepressants that attenuate inflammation alleviate subsequent cognitive decline.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on the complex links between depression and dementia

Hakim

2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…More frequent contact will bring higher cognitive reserves, while higher cognitive capabilities can prevent dementia that may occur later [ 28 ]. Pathways associated with these connections include inflammatory responses in the brain, behavioral or neural plasticity, and the occupation of cognitive resources available for creative adaptations [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population attributable fractions for risk factors and disability burden of dementia in Jiangxi Province, China: a cross-sectional study

Zheng

Xu³

et al. 2022

BMC Geriatr

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Background In view of the fact that there is no effective treatment for dementia, the number of years that dementia patients have to live with dementia will gradually increase for the rest of their lives, and the disability loss caused by dementia will increase. It is urgent to study the influence of risk factors on dementia by making use of the potential of prevention. The purpose of this study is to quantify the burden of dementia disability attributable to risk factors by assessing the population attributable fractions (PAFs) in Jiangxi Province, which is one of the regions of moderate aging process of China. Methods The prevalence data of nine risk factors were obtained through the Sixth National Health Service Survey in 2018, which covered 2713 older people. Levin’s formula was used to calculate the PAF for each risk factor for dementia. We adjusted the PAF for communality between risk factors, and used these values to calculate overall weighted PAFs and the years lived with disability (YLDs), which were attributable to nine risk factors. Results The number of dementia cases and their proportions that can theoretically be prevented by nine identified risk factors were 111636 (99595-120877) and 66.8% (59.6-72.3), respectively. The total YLDs of dementia were estimated to be 61136 (46463-78369) (males: 36434 [24100-49330], females: 23956 [14716-34589]). Physical inactivity (11639 [8845-14920]), low social contact (9324 [7086-11952]), and hearing loss (5668 [4307-7265] were the top three contributors to dementia. Conclusions The moderate aging areas represented by Jiangxi Province have great potential in the prevention of dementia. Targeted interventions and management of risk factors can effectively reduce the disability burden of dementia.

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“…This is a function which has been termed ‘pattern separation’, and has been established at a single-cell level in the rodent hippocampus (Gilbert et al, 2001; Leutgeb et al, 2007; Leutgeb et al, 2004) and neuroimaging in humans (Baker et al, 2016; Bakker et al, 2008; Berron et al, 2016; McHugh et al, 2007). An emerging view is that pattern separation is a key function altered in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Ally et al, 2013; Parizkova et al, 2020; Wesnes et al, 2014), while AD has analogously been linked with social isolation (Marioni et al, 2015; Penninkilampi et al, 2018; Shen et al, 2021; Xiang et al, 2021). For example, in a mouse model of AD, the investigators reported reduced Aβ synaptotoxicity in the hippocampus (Li et al, 2013), and reduced cognitive impairment (Jankowsky et al, 2005) with environmental enrichment ⍰ an important source of which in humans is regular social contact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lacking social support is associated with structural divergences in hippocampus-default network co-variation patterns

Zajner

Spreng

Bzdok

2021

Preprint

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Elaborate social interaction is a pivotal asset of the human species. The complexity of peoples social lives may constitute the dominating factor in the vibrancy of many individuals environment. The neural substrates linked to social cognition thus appear especially susceptible when people endure periods of social isolation: here, we zoom in on the systematic inter-relationships between two such neural substrates, the allocortical hippocampus (HC) and the neocortical default network (DN). Previous human social neuroscience studies have focused on the DN, while HC subfields have been studied in most detail in rodents and monkeys. To bring into contact these two separate research streams, we directly quantified how DN subregions are coherently co-expressed with specific HC subfields in the context of social isolation. A two-pronged decomposition of structural brain scans from 37,000 UK Biobank participants linked lack of social support to mostly lateral subregions in the DN patterns. This lateral DN association co-occurred with HC patterns that implicated especially subiculum, presubiculum, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus. Overall, the subregion divergences within spatially overlapping signatures of HC-DN co-variation followed a clear segregation divide into the left and right brain hemispheres. Separable regimes of structural HC-DN co-variation also showed distinct associations with the genetic predisposition for lacking social support at the population level.

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Dual Trajectories of Social Isolation and Dementia in Older Adults: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Perspectives on the complex links between depression and dementia

Perspectives on the complex links between depression and dementia

Population attributable fractions for risk factors and disability burden of dementia in Jiangxi Province, China: a cross-sectional study

Lacking social support is associated with structural divergences in hippocampus-default network co-variation patterns

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