Diabetes, a disease resulting from loss of functional b cells, is globally an increasingly important condition. Based on the islet-differentiation ability of ductal epithelial cells and stimulating b cell proliferation ability of the Reg Ia gene, we aimed to establish an in vitro pancreatic b cell proliferation model for screening therapeutic drugs of diabetes in the future. Pancreatic ductal epithelial cells were isolated from male Wistar rats, and induced to differentiate into pancreatic b cells. Immunofluorescence staining assay, western blot, RT-PCR analysis, and dithizone staining were used to characterize the cells. Rat Reg Ia protein was transiently expressed in vitro by transfection of HEK 293 cells with the PCMV6-entry-REG Ia plasmid, and expression was verified by RT-PCR analysis, proliferation assay, and apoptosis assay. The pancreatic b cell proliferation model was further validated by a proliferation assay using differentiated pancreatic b cells treated with transfection supernatant. Finally, we have successfully established an in vitro pancreatic b cells proliferation model using transiently expressed rat Reg Ia protein and differentiated pancreatic b cells from pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. This model could be used as a platform to screen new drugs for islet neogenesis to cure diabetes, especially Chinese herbal drugs in the future.