Dual‐Screened Vertical Circulation Wells for Groundwater Lowering in Unconfined Aquifers

Jin, Yulan; Holzbecher, Ekkehard; Sauter, Martin

doi:10.1111/gwat.12331

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Chen et al [17] assessed the influence of operational parameters on breakthrough curves in DFTT including the lengths of the screen, the screen distance. Jin et al [5] investigated how the separation length of the screen intervals influences the drawdown in a unconfined aquifer. Nevertheless, few concerns with the effect of VCW parameters on the shape of hydraulic zone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Practical applications of VCW in groundwater industry include aquifer remediation, hydrogeological parameter determination, dewatering [5] and more recently aquifer storage and recovery management regarding the use of dipole flow to make a fresh water lens in a static saline groundwater [6]. As a recirculation system, VCWs have become an effective technology for in situ aquifer remediation, when coupled with a number of chemical and biological approaches [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualizing hydraulic zones of a vertical circulation well in presence of ambient flow

Qiang¹,

Zhang²,

Xu³

et al. 2019

Desalination and Water Treatment

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a b s t r a c tAlthough vertical circulation well (VCW) has been widely applied for aquifer remediation and hydrogeological parameter estimation for three decades, few studies have focused on the hydraulic zone visualization, and the spatial scale of hydraulic zones as functions of VCW parameters. This study provided a numerical method to visualize 3D steady-state flow field induced by VCW in a confined aquifer in presence of an ambient flow. Mathematical model for velocity field is established based on the superposition principle, and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is adopted to perform particle tracking. Visualization results illustrate that 3D flow regime can be divided into Recirculation, Capture, and Discharge zones. An integrated dimensionless parameter Q D is introduced to account for the relative strength of VCW flow against ambient flow. Comparison is performed through simulations by different Q D -d D combinations, where d D is the dimensionless distance between injection and extraction screens. Results demonstrate that: (1) a Q D -d D breakthrough line can be established to mark the occurrence of circulatory flow; (2) the effect of Q D on the size of recirculation zone is significant when Q D is smaller than 3.5, while d D becomes more influential if Q D is larger; (3) the extent of capture and discharge zone enlarges as Q D and/or d D increases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing hydraulic zones of a vertical circulation well in presence of ambient flow

Qiang¹,

Zhang²,

Xu³

et al. 2019

Desalination and Water Treatment

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show abstract

“…This report describes a number of contributions by the late B. Herrling and J. Stamm, inventors and patent holders for a vertical circulation well remediation technology for groundwater as well as by other researchers, for example, Herrling and Stamm (1992), Philip and Walter (1992), Chen and Knox (1997), Knox et al (1997), and many others. Tu et al (2020), along with Tu et al (2019) and Ni et al (2011), failed to acknowledge relevant post-1998 literature, including publications by Xia et al (2019), Kahler and Kabala (2018), Jin et al (2016), Chen et al (2010), Johnson and Simon (2007), and many others. Tu et al (2020), along with Tu et al (2019) and Ni et al (2011), missed applications of vertical circulation wells for aquifer characterization, and, in particular, contributions from this author, including Kabala and Xiang (1992), Kabala (1993), and others, as well as those from V. Zlotnik and co-workers, including Zlotnik and Ledder (1996), Peursem et al (1999), and others.…”

Section: Inadequate Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on “Tu et al., An Analytical Solution of Groundwater Flow in a Confined Aquifer With a Single Well Circulation System, Water Resources Research, First Published: 12 June 2020.”

Kabala

2021

Water Resources Research

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Although renewed interest in flow around groundwater circulation wells is a positive development, the multiple and unacknowledged republication of previously published results is not. This is what has happened in a recent paper published in Water Resources Research by Tu et al. (2020). The study repeats results that appeared in Ni et al. (2011) as well as in the lead authors' own earlier work: Tu et al. (2019). And all three papers fail to acknowledge that the same ideas and closely related solutions were published in this Journal much earlier by Kabala (1993) and Zlotnik and Ledder (1996). Kabala (1993) employed superposition of the Hantush solutions for a partially penetrating well (obtained by Laplace and Fourier cosine transforms and their inverses) to describe drawdown for a vertical circulation well. He used his solution for aquifer characterization, including the estimation of hydraulic conductivity anisotropy ratio and the approximate time it takes the vertical circulation well to reach the steady state. At the very least this work should have been acknowledged.Our modern scientific enterprise is built on free, good-faith exchange of ideas and mutual trust between scientists. It can continue to thrive only if this trust is cultivated by proper acknowledgment of and respect for authorship of research results. Plagiarism, intentional or not, is thus a serious matter, and, not surprisingly, university degrees have been revoked (e.g., Bailey, 2018) and articles retracted (e.g., Marcus, 2020) because of it. COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) (2020) recommends that retraction of a publication be considered "if … it constitutes plagiarism, [or] the findings have previously been published … (emphasis mine)." And this Journal has a long standing editorial policy defined by Hornberger (1994):"Water Resources Research does not knowingly publish articles previously published or that contain mainly material that has been previously published."Although the study of Tu et al. (2020) managed to successfully go through the review process (or its cracks), the editors obviously did not knowingly allow republication of previously published results.Let me note that I notified the authors (and the Journal) of the problem with the study in July 2020, and I postponed the writing and submission of this note until mid-October when it became clear that a self-retraction was not forthcoming. What follows represents the report that I would have submitted had I been asked to review Tu et al. (2020).

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“…The concern about "the Inadequate Literature Review, such as " and , along with Tu et al (2019) and Ni et al (2011), failed to acknowledge relevant post-1998 literature, including publications by Xia et al (2019), Kahler and Kabala (2018), Jin et al (2016), Chen et al (2010), Johnson and Simon (2008), and many others. "…”

Section: Reply To Additional Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reply to the Comment on “Tu et al., an Analytical Solution of Groundwater Flow in a Confined Aquifer With a Single‐Well Circulation System, Water Resources Research, First Published: 12 June 2020.”

Šimůnek

et al. 2021

Water Resources Research

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We would like to thank Dr. Kabala for his interest in our work and his Comment on it and appreciate the opportunity to clarify and address his concerns. The idea of employing a single-well circulation groundwater heat-pump system (as shown in Figure 1) to provide heating or cooling of buildings was first presented by Sorensen and Reffstrup (1992). Our work is based on the conceptual model of Sorensen and Reffstrup (1992) and the analytical solution developed for this system by Ni et al. (2011). We have to admit that we were not aware of Kabala's (1993) work, partly because it did not appear in the literature with the geothermal exploitation background. Similarly, as Kabala (1993) and Kahler and Kabala (2018) apparently were not aware of the work of Sorensen and Reffstrup (1992), Ni et al. (2011), and related literature relevant to their works.In our study, we have rigorously derived the analytical solution for the governing equation for a single-well circulation system by employing a combination of the Laplace and Fourier cosine transforms, without using the superposition principle and adopting the analytical solution of a partially penetrating well obtained by Hantush (1961). More importantly, our approach provides an opportunity to be further extended to obtain analytical solutions for the governing equations for a single-well circulation system considering factors such as non-Darcian flow (Tu, Wu, Simunek, Zhu, et al., 2020), well skin (Tu et al., 2021), and wellbore storage (Tu et al., in preparation). This allows us to investigate further the effects of these factors on groundwater flow behavior in a single-well circulation system. It would not be possible to obtain such analytical solutions using the superposition principle (as used in Kabala, 1993) unless related analytical solutions already exist.While we admit that we did not sufficiently review the hydrogeological literature on single-well circulation systems, we disagree with Dr. Kabala's Comment that our work is a re-publication of his work (Kabala, 1993). We have clearly used in our work a different approach than Kabala (1993). A more detailed Reply to the original and revised Comment can be found in the following sections. Reply to Comments About the Derivation of the Analytical SolutionWe are certainly not the first to obtain an analytical solution for a single-well circulation groundwater heatpump system. Sorensen and Reffstrup (1992) were the first to present the concept of the single-well circulation groundwater heat-pump system (see Figure 1). This was a new engineering application for extracting

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Dual‐Screened Vertical Circulation Wells for Groundwater Lowering in Unconfined Aquifers

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Visualizing hydraulic zones of a vertical circulation well in presence of ambient flow

Visualizing hydraulic zones of a vertical circulation well in presence of ambient flow

Comment on “Tu et al., An Analytical Solution of Groundwater Flow in a Confined Aquifer With a Single Well Circulation System, Water Resources Research, First Published: 12 June 2020.”

Reply to the Comment on “Tu et al., an Analytical Solution of Groundwater Flow in a Confined Aquifer With a Single‐Well Circulation System, Water Resources Research, First Published: 12 June 2020.”

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