Brillouin
spectroscopy and imaging are emerging techniques in analytical
science, biophotonics, and biomedicine. They are based on Brillouin
light scattering from acoustic waves or phonons in
the GHz range, providing a nondestructive contactless probe of the
mechanics on a microscale. Novel approaches and applications of these
techniques to the field of biomedical sciences are discussed, highlighting
the theoretical foundations and experimental methods that have been
developed to date. Acknowledging that this is a fast moving field,
a comprehensive account of the relevant literature is critically assessed
here.