Dual role of immunomodulation by crude polysaccharide from okra against carcinogenic liver injury in mice

Abstract

Polysaccharides have long been recognized as the anticancer agent with low toxicity and slight side effects. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), a flowering plant from the Malvaceae family that is found in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world. Hence, no in vivo studies have addressed the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential of polysaccharides from okra pods grown in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the effect of okra raw polysaccharide extract (ORPE) to immune cells and cytokines of mice with hepatocarcinogenic conditions induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Thirty-six male mice (BALB/C, 3-4 months old) were divided into six groups: the normal control group (CN), negative control (C-), positive control giving doxorubicin (Cþ), and three groups of ORPE treatment given the dose of 50 (P1), 100 (P2) and 200 (P3) mg/kg body weight. The administration of ORPE directly suppressed the regulatory T cells accumulations, suppressed macrophages activations, and balanced the number of effector T cells. However, it promoted CD8þ T cell activation at a low dose and increased interleukin-2 levels at all doses. These results suggest that ORPE has unique dual-functions as immunosuppressant and immunostimulant which can be a foundation for the application of the ORPE in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

[Retracted] Intervention Study of Dictyophora Polysaccharides on Arsenic‐Induced Liver Fibrosis in SD Rats

“…Research has established that the pectic polysaccharides of Momordica charantia could inhibit the oxidative stress of liver cells induced by sodium arsenite [ 10 ]. Besides, numerous studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides regulate immunity and protect the liver [ 11 , 12 ]. Hence, our study explored effective and side effect-free hepatoprotective regimens from natural active products to manage chronic As poisoning.…”

Gemcitabine and synthesized silver nanoparticles impact on chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male rats

“… 16 In this study, HCC was induced by the carcinogen diethyl-nitrosamine (DEN), which can cause severe liver damage leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative DNA damage, and ultimately lead to cancer. 17 The combination of AgNPs and GEM has not been studied before in the treatment of HCC. Combining nanoparticles with traditional chemotherapy can improve treatment outcomes.…”

Structural characterization and anti‐inflammatory activity of a pectin polysaccharide AP2 ‐c from the lignified okra

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Abelmoschus esculentus L., also known as okra, coffee okra and "horn bean", is an annual herbaceous flowering plant native to Africa. Okra is generally eaten as a healthy fruit, which is rich in vitamin C and polysaccharides (Hayaza et al, 2021). As a by-product of okra's seed harvest, lignified okra was always thrown away as waste and had not been fully exploited.

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