“…Subgroups of gastrointestinal pathology, breast pathology and urological pathology studies were examined in more detail, as these were the largest subsets of studies identified (see Table 8 and Supplementary Materials ). The gastrointestinal subgroup demonstrated high mean sensitivity and specificity and included AI models for colorectal cancer 28 – 30 , 32 , 34 , 40 , gastric cancer 28 , 31 , 33 , 37 – 39 , 85 and gastritis 35 . The breast subgroup included only AI models for breast cancer applications, with Hameed et al and Wang et al demonstrating particularly high sensitivity (98%, 91% respectively) and specificity (93%, 96% respectively) 42 , 45 .…”