Dual resistance to Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum)

Avila, Brian W.; Winkelman, Dana L.; Fetherman, Eric R.

doi:10.1111/jfd.13605

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…2011, 2012, 2014; Avila et al. 2018, 2022); however, further poststocking studies into long‐term survival, growth, reproduction, and movement of the GR strain in the wild would be beneficial. Additionally, the prevalence and severity of whirling disease as well as the potential negative effects of other pathogens (e.g., Avila et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affecting Short‐Term Survival of Two Age‐0 Rainbow Trout Strains in Colorado Streams

Avila

Winkelman

Fetherman

2023

N American J Fish Manag

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Both biotic and abiotic factors can influence the survival and growth of age-0 salmonids. Diseases, such as whirling disease, can also affect salmonid demographics and population dynamics. Here, we conducted a supplementary analysis and evaluated specific stream characteristics that may have been responsible for the differences in growth and survival of two whirling disease resistant Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss strains observed by Avila et al. (2018). We used regression modeling to analyze the influence of the biotic and abiotic characteristics of nine streams on the short-term apparent survival and growth of two Rainbow Trout strains, 5,000 German Rainbow Trout and 5,000 German Rainbow Trout × Colorado River Rainbow Trout in each stream. Akaike's information criterion (AIC c ) model selection was used to identify the factors that most affected short-term survival and growth. Average stream temperature had the largest (positive) effect, β temp = 0.060, on short-term survival. Rainbow Trout strain, average stream temperature (β temp = 1.55), competitor biomass (β competitor biomass = −0.002), and predator number (β predator number = 0.01) additively affected short-term growth. Our results indicate that both biotic and abiotic factors are important short-term determinants of Rainbow Trout poststocking performance and may account for the differences in survival and growth that we observed among stocking locations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affecting Short‐Term Survival of Two Age‐0 Rainbow Trout Strains in Colorado Streams

Avila

Winkelman

Fetherman

2023

N American J Fish Manag

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“…Two GR × HAR(75:25) fish had particularly high myxospore loads that, due to the low sample size, could have had a large influence on our comparisons. Yet, other studies have documented similar variability in infection severity of the GR × HAR(75:25) (Schisler et al 2011;Avila et al 2022), and therefore the variability likely reflects real trends. For example, Wagner et al (2012) found that GR × HAR(75:25) and the Ten Sleep Rainbow Trout strain had similar myxospore loads per fish from two different lakes in Utah.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…2011; Avila et al. 2022), and therefore the variability likely reflects real trends. For example, Wagner et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poststocking Survival and Myxospore Evaluation of Whirling Disease‐Resistant Rainbow Trout Strains

Erickson

Schisler

Fetherman

2023

N American J Fish Manag

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The ensuing spread of whirling disease following its initial introduction in the United States in the late 1950s caused drastic declines in populations of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The German Rainbow (GR) strain has strong resistance to Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite causing whirling disease, but also has an extensive history as a domesticated food-production fish, resulting in traits that are presumed to be maladaptive for survival in the wild. The wild Harrison Lake Rainbow (HAR) strain exhibits reduced infection severity compared with other wild Rainbow Trout strains, but resistance is lower than the GR strain and was considered insufficient to meet management goals. Prior research suggests that crosses of GR with susceptible strains create offspring with Myxobolus cerebralis resistance and survival rates intermediate to the parental strains in lotic environments, but analysis on lentic environments with larger predators has been limited. We evaluated survival rates and infection severities of fingerling Rainbow Trout stocked into a lentic environment from four different strains with theoretically varying resistances to Myxobolus cerebralis: GR, HAR, and an F 1 [GR × HAR(50:50)] and F 2 [GR × HAR(75:25)] crossed strain between the GR and HAR strains. Using Seber dead-recovery models, we found that both the HAR and GR × HAR(50:50) strains had the highest survival rate, followed sequentially by the GR × HAR(75:25) and GR. Whirling disease resistance, as estimated from infection probability and severity, increased with increasing GR strain genetic background. To reduce spore loads and increase resistance in managed Rainbow Trout populations, we suggest stocking strains like the GR × HAR(50:50) that have respectable whirling disease resistance and high survival rates, enabling wild recruitment with increased cost-efficiency of stocking.

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“…Correspondingly, removal of parasite stages (ciliates, monogenean eggs, digenean larvae, crustacean larvae) by mechanical filtration (Larsen et al ., 2005 ; Heinecke and Buchmann, 2009 ) or biological mussel filtration (Bartsch et al ., 2013 ) has also a potential, although absolute control is not achieved. Another promising strategy is to apply selective breeding of fish with a certain level of natural resistance to infection (Jaafar et al ., 2020 ; Avila et al ., 2022 ). The adaptability of parasites to any environmental disturbance or challenge makes it necessary to combine the different control systems in order to reduce the selective pressure for occurrence of avoidance mechanisms in parasites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability to resist a parasitic infection is genetically determined, which has been indicated for Ichthyophthirius and Myxobolus infections in rainbow trout (Hedrick et al ., 2003 ; Avila et al ., 2022 ). Breeding towards more disease-resistant fish is a possibility, and marker-assisted selective breeding is a tool which has been increasingly used in breeding programmes.…”

Section: Genetic Control Through Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of parasitic diseases in aquaculture

Buchmann

2022

Parasitology

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Finfish aquaculture in freshwater and marine environments is continuously expanding globally, and the potential for a substantial further increase is well documented. The industry is supplying fish products for human consumption to the same extent as capture fisheries, and new fish species for domestication are still being selected by the industry. The challenge faced by all aquacultured species, classical and novel, is the range of pathogens associated with each new fish type. A fish host in its natural environment carries a series of more or less specific parasites (specialists and generalists). Some of these show a marked ability to propagate in aquaculture settings. They may then elicit disease when infection intensities in the confined aquaculture environment reach high levels. In addition, the risk of transmission of parasites from aquaculture enterprises to wild fish stocks adds to the parasitic challenge. Control programmes of various kinds are needed and these may include chemotherapeutants and medicines as the farmer's first and convenient choice, but mechanical, biological, immunological and genetic control methods are available solutions. New methods are still to be developed by scrutinizing the life cycle of each particular parasite species and pin-pointing the vulnerable stage to be targeted. As parasites exhibit a huge potential for adaptation to environmental changes, one must realize that only one approach rarely is sufficient. The present work therefore elaborates on and advocates for implementation of integrated control strategies for diseases caused by protozoan and metazoan parasites.

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Dual resistance to Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum)

Cited by 5 publications

References 69 publications

Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affecting Short‐Term Survival of Two Age‐0 Rainbow Trout Strains in Colorado Streams

Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affecting Short‐Term Survival of Two Age‐0 Rainbow Trout Strains in Colorado Streams

Poststocking Survival and Myxospore Evaluation of Whirling Disease‐Resistant Rainbow Trout Strains

Control of parasitic diseases in aquaculture

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