Dual-regulation of ions/electrons in a 3D Cu–Cu_xO host to guide uniform lithium growth for high-performance lithium metal anodes

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) current collectors have shown great potential in realizing practical Li metal anodes for next-generation high-energy battery systems. However, 3D current collectors suffer from a common phenomenon of preferential...

Present and future of functionalized Cu current collectors for stabilizing lithium metal anodes

“…Based on the chemical oxidation of Cu in alkaline solution, Cu(OH)2 nanofibers arrays can also be self-assembled on Cu foam (Fig. 16(f)) [248,[253][254][255]. With this design, the Cu foam substrate provides massive interspace and enough mechanical strength to accommodate the volume changes during Li cycling.…”

Modulating the lithiophilicity at electrode/electrolyte interface for high-energy Li-metal batteries

“…The unsatisfactory performance of Li-metal anodes originates from the unstable structural and chemical evolutions at the anode/electrolyte interface, which include infinite volume variation, the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) and the growth of Li dendrites. To improve the performance of Li-metal anodes, efforts have been made to regulate the chemical compositions and structures of the electrolyte [1][2][3] and the Li-metal anode [4] to reshape the SEI [5,6] and to rebuild the current collector [4,[7][8][9] . The lithiophilicity of electrolytes at the anode/electrolyte interface was studied as it significantly affects the uniformity of Li deposition/dissolution at the interface.…”

Electronic Localization Derived Excellent Stability of Li Metal Anode with Ultrathin Alloy

“…[ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] Another effective strategy is to promote the uniform deposition of Li + ions by inducing the Li + electroplating using active sites or nanostructures, [ 17 , 18 , 19 ] reducing the heterogeneous nuclear barrier utilizing lithiophilic groups, [ 20 , 21 ] or decreasing current density via 3D current collectors with high specific surface area. [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] Unfortunately, up to now, fabricating stable Li metal anode beyond 3 mAh cm −2 is still an unfulfilled goal with extreme difficulty. The main reason is that all methods mentioned above only focus on the nucleation of Li or the initial period of Li growth, thus they cannot ensure a large amount of subsequent Li + to deposit uniformly due to the tip effect.…”