The efficacy of reactive
oxygen species (ROS)-based therapy is
substantially constrained by the limited ROS generation, stern activation
conditions, and lack of a straightforward reaction paradigm. Carbon
dots (CDs) have been highly sought after for therapeutic applications
for their biocompatibility and intrinsic fluorescence imaging capabilities,
making them suitable for ROS generation. Herein, we synthesized a
CD-based ultrasmall hybrid nanostructure possessing active sites of
Mo, Cu, and IR-780 dye. After cooperative self-assembly with 1,2-distearoyl-
sn
-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol),
the obtained assembly (CMIR-CDa) exhibits near-infrared fluorescence
imaging and photoacoustic tomography. Interestingly, CMIR-CDa can
generate singlet oxygen (
1
O
2
), hydroxyl radical
(·OH), and superoxide radical anion (O
2
• –
) upon ultrasound stimulus owing to its sonosensitizing and enzyme-mimicking
properties, showing an enhanced efficacy for tumor ablation
in vivo
. The collective
in vitro
and
in vivo
results indicate that CMIR-CDa has a high potency
as an ROS nanogenerator under US irradiation, even at a low concentration.
The present study offers an approach for engineering hybrid CDs in
a bioinspired way for intratumoral ROS augmentation in response to
deep tissue penetrable external stimuli.