Heat and mass transport in biological systems is shown to display lagging behaviors due to the slow processes in the biological components. Bioheat transfer in tissues and bloods, as well as drug delivery in tumor cells are examined to extract the dominating biological/medical parameters that are responsible for the lagging response. The available data in the open literature shows that the phase lags in such biological systems are in the rage from seconds to days. The effect of blood convection gives rise to the thermal Mach number characterizing the lagging response of the second order, which appears as a general feature for biological systems involving three different types of energy carriers. Regardless of the complexity of the processes involved, the phase lag of the temperature (concentration) gradient and the phase lag of the heat (mass) flux vector remain as the two dominating parameters in the lagging response, with the rest appearing as their high-order effects. Equations of motion describing a rapidly stretching spring and transient response between a fin and its surrounding air are revisited to identify the source of lagging via examples that are already familiar to most engineers.As the scale of physical observation continuously shrinks, exemplified by electrons and phonons in metals, different types of energy carriers will gradually appear and the interactions among them will become important prior to reaching equilibrium. Interactions among the energy carriers will take a finite period of time to take place, which is often the cause for the lagging response in heat and mass transport. The lagging response is particularly important in biological/medical applications of ultrafast lasers, Economist (2008) and Zhou et al. (2009a, b), where the laser intensity and pulse duration is competing with the two phase lags in delivering the desired results of laser-based treatment of biological/medical tissues.Biological materials are among the ideal choices for studying the lagging behavior due to their slow responses. Transient response in processed meat was re-examined and characterized by the two phase lags in DPL (Antaki 2005), which may suggest similar behaviors in human tissues (Xu and Liu, 1998; Zhou et al., 2009a, b;Liu and Chen, 2009;Xu et al., 2009;Fan and Wang, 2011). Based on the response of surface temperature, once again, inverse analysis has been a most popular approach in determining the threshold values of τ T and τ q (Tang and Araki, 2000). This chapter is aimed toward demonstrating the lagging behavior from existing models in biological systems: Bioheat transfer between tissue and blood during the nonequilibrium