“…Singh et al formulated the design of a sensor incorporating a combination of TiO 2 –Au-Graphene and found a remarkable result of 48,900 nm/RIU within a span of 1.32–1.40 RI with an AS of 738.74 RIU −1 and FOM of 611.25 RIU −1 [ 35 ]. Multiple plasmonic materials separately within the same sensor leveraging the dual-resonance phenomenon have also been implemented before [ [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] ]. In order to reduce costs and simplify fabrication process, the sensors employed a mixture of Au/Ag and Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCO) due to their huge bandgap and high doping density which allows them to display optical characteristics typical of metals in the NIR spectrum [ 40 ].…”